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目的:了解什邡地震灾区高三学生的心理健康状况,为对高三学生进行心理干预提供科学依据。方法:采用卫生部颁发的《心理健康自评问卷》(SRQ-20)对什邡市4所中学高三学生进行了随机问卷调查。结果:什邡地震灾区高三学生心理问题需要心理干预者占168人(22.77%),其中较突出并急需心理干预者36人(5.95%),有自杀倾向者22人(3.63%)。男女严重度比较有明显差异(χ2=6.87,P<0.01)。死者家属心理健康受损度高(χ2=5.36 P<0.05),文科学生有心理问题者较理科学生突出。最常见的心理问题是担心地震会发生、家人不安全543人(89.75%),感到疲劳449人(74.21%),犹豫不决343人(56.69%)、学习时感到痛苦325人(53.72%))、没有地震时也感到摇晃322人(53.22%)。结论:地震灾害造成高三学生的心理健康问题较为突出。加强对高三学生心理卫生教育及进行心理干预是非常必要的。
Objective: To understand the state of mental health of senior high school students in Shishu earthquake-stricken area and to provide a scientific basis for their psychological intervention. Methods: A questionnaire was conducted by using “Mental Health Self-assessment Questionnaire” (SRQ-20) issued by the Ministry of Health to investigate the high school students of 4 middle schools in Shifang City. Results: There were 168 (22.77%) psychological interventions for psychological problems in senior middle school students in Shifang earthquake-stricken area. Among them, 36 (5.95%) were psychologically intervened and 22 (3.63%) were most likely to commit psychological intervention. The severity of men and women were significantly different (χ2 = 6.87, P <0.01). Family members of the deceased had a higher degree of mental health impairment (χ2 = 5.36 P <0.05), while those with liberal arts students were more prominent than those with science. The most common psychological problems were fears of earthquakes, 543 family members (89.75%), 449 (74.21%) fatigued, 343 (56.69%) hesitant and 325 (53.72%) fractious when studying. ), 322 people were also shaken without an earthquake (53.22%). Conclusion: The mental health caused by the earthquake disaster in junior high school students is more prominent. It is very necessary to strengthen mental health education and psychological intervention for senior three students.