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目前,乡镇企业已给中国的经济政策提出了几个重要课题。乡镇企业的发展无疑是中国经济改革的重要成功之一。2千万的乡镇企业目前雇用了1亿的工人,成为经济增长最快的部门之一。然而,乡镇企业特有的,通常是模糊不清的所有制结构,则可能预示着乡镇企业将面临严峻的考验。因此,乡镇企业的所有制问题提到了这几个课题的最前面。 不论如何看,中国的乡镇企业按照国际标准都是很独特的。在拥有乡镇企业的大多数国家中,如印度尼西亚,小企业的所有制都是私人所有,通常是归一个家庭所有。与此相反,中国的乡镇企业是集体所有,至少也是官方所有的。这在学者和决策者之间引起了许多争论:集体所有制是否更有效?在过去的15年中乡镇企业成功的原因就在于此吗?集体所有制更公平吗?私人所有制会更有优势吗?
At present, township and township enterprises have proposed several important issues for China’s economic policy. The development of township enterprises is undoubtedly one of the major successes of China’s economic reform. Twenty million township enterprises currently employ 100 million workers and become one of the fastest growing sectors in the economy. However, the township and township enterprises have unique, often ambiguous, ownership structures that may indicate that township and township enterprises will face severe challenges. Therefore, the issue of the ownership of township enterprises mentioned the first of these topics. Regardless of how it looks, China’s township and village enterprises are unique in terms of international standards. In most countries with township enterprises, such as Indonesia, the ownership of small businesses is privately owned and usually owned by one family. In contrast, China’s township enterprises are collectively owned, at least officially owned. This has caused much debate between scholars and policymakers: Is collective ownership more effective? Is this why the township and village enterprises have succeeded in the last 15 years? Is collective ownership more equitable and private ownership more advantageous?