目的:探究我国真实世界中，于不同地域医院行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者对二级预防用药的依从性及其长期预后。方法:冠心病抗血小板治疗优选方案（OPT-CAD）研究是一项前瞻性、多中心、注册登记研究。本研究选取OPT-CAD研究中诊断为ACS且行PCI治疗的患者。以长江一线为中国南北方分界线，根据患者就诊医院的地理位置分南方组和北方组。为减少选择偏倚和潜在的混杂因素，两组间患者根据倾向性评分按1∶1最临近匹配法匹配。主要终点为患者出院后60个月随访期间发生的主要不良心脑血管事件（MACCE），包括心原性死亡、心肌梗死和/或缺血性卒中的复合终点；次要终点为60个月全因死亡、心原性死亡、心肌梗死、缺血性卒中以及出血学术研究联合会（BARC）定义的2、3、5型出血。记录患者的二级预防用药情况，二级预防药物包括：抗血小板药、他汀类、β受体阻滞、血管紧张素转化酶抑制/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂类（ACEI/ARB）等。匹配前后均比较两组患者的二级预防用药情况及临床事件发生率。结果:本研究共纳入7 049例ACS患者，其中南方组共1 958例患者，北方组共5 091例。倾向性评分匹配后南方组和北方组各1 324例。匹配前，北方组患者中吸烟、合并高血压及糖尿病、有既往史（心肌梗死、PCI及卒中）和冠心病家族史的比例较南方组高（n P均<0.05）。北方组复杂病变、弥漫病变、小血管病变和血栓病变占比均高于南方组（n P均<0.05）。出院后60个月，南方与北方组的抗血小板治疗模式差异有统计学意义（n P<0.001），其中南方组患者使用氯吡格雷单药治疗的比例高于北方组［9.8%（130/1 324）比1.1%（14//1 324）］，而北方组患者使用阿司匹林单药治疗的比例高于南方组［（67.4%（893/1 324）比46.5%（616/1 324）］。其他二级预防用药的使用上，南方组患者接受β受体阻滞剂［24.5%（325/1 324）比16.8%（222/1 324），n P<0.001］及ACEI/ARB［19.4%（257/1 324）比10.0%（133/1 324），n P<0.001］治疗的比例高于北方组。匹配后，北方组出院后60个月MACCE［8.4%（111/1 324）比6.2%（82/1 324），n P=0.030］和BARC2、3、5型出血［6.0%（80/1 324）比4.0%（53/1 324），n P=0.016］发生率高于南方组。n 结论:与南方地区相比，北方地区PCI术后的ACS患者伴合并症和危险因素的比例较高，冠状动脉病变更为复杂，对药物依从性较差，预后也相对较差。“,”Objective:To explore the medication compliance for secondary prevention drugs and long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between hospitals in different regions of China.Methods:The Optimal Antiplatelet Therapy for Chinese Patients with Coronary Artery Disease (OPT-CAD) study was a prospective, multi-center and registered study. Patients diagnosed as ACS and underwent PCI in OPT-CAD study were selected. Taking the Yangtze River as the dividing line between the south and the north of China, these patients were divided into two groups according to the hospitals where the patients visited, namely the southerns region group (n n=1 958) and the northerns region group (n n=5 091). In order to reduce selection bias and potential confounding factors, the patients in the two groups were matched by the tendency score, and the patients in the two groups were matched by the 1: 1 nearest match method according to the tendency score. The main endpoint of this study was the major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) occurring within 5 years after discharge, namely the composite endpoint of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and/or ischemic stroke. Secondary endpoints were all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and type 2, 3, and 5 bleeding events defined by the Academic Research Consortium on Hemorrhage (BARC) within 5 years. The secondary preventive drugs was recorded, including antiplatelet drugs, statins, beta blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensinⅡreceptor blockers (ACEI/ARB), etc. Before and after the matching, the secondary preventive medication and the incidence of clinical events of the two groups were compared.n Results:A total of 7 049 ACS patients, including 1 958 patients in the southern region group and 5 091 patients in the northern region group were enrolled in this study. There were 5 319 males (37.9%), and the aged was (60.7±6.7) years. After propensity score matching, there were 1 324 cases in each group. Before matching, in the northern region group, the proportion of smoking, hypertension and diabetes, previous history (myocardial infarction, PCI and stroke) and family history of coronary heart disease were higher (all n P<0.05). The proportion of complex lesions, diffuse lesions, small vessel lesions and thrombotic lesions in the northern region group was higher than that in the southern region group (alln P<0.05). Sixty months after discharge, the antiplatelet patterns were quite different between patients in the northern and southern region group (n P<0.001). The proportion of clopidogrel monotherapy in the southern region group was higher than that in the northern region group (9.8% (130/1324) vs. 1.1% (14/1324)), while the proportion of aspirin monotherapy in the northern region group was higher than that in the southern region group (67.4% (893/1324) vs. 46.5% (616/1324)). As for the use of other secondary prophylactic drugs, the proportion of patients in southern region group receiving beta blockers (24.5% (325/1324) vs. 16.8% (222/1324),n P<0.001) and ACEI/ARB (19.4% (257/1324) vs. 10.0% (133/1324),n P<0.001) was higher than that in northern region group. After matching, the incidence of MACCE (8.4%(111/1 324) vs.6.2% (82/1 324),n P=0.030) and BARC 2, 3 and 5 bleeding (6.0% (80/1 324) vs. 4.0% (53/1 324), n P=0.020) was higher in patients in northern region group.n Conclusions:ACS patients who undergo PCI in northern area hospital is at higher prevalence of comorbidities and complicated coronary artery lesions compared to patients in the southern area hospital, and the drug compliance is worse than that in southern area, and the prognosis is also relatively poor.