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石油在全球范围内的流动,是一种地域广、规模大、具有巨大社会和经济影响的历史现象,在运作形态上具有明显的流场特征。从世界石油的供需格局入手,将全球划分为全流出型、基本自给型和全流入型等3种类型,并依据流动比率将石油的输出、输入地划分为输流中心、汇流中心两大功能类型。在此基础上,利用场的理论分析了石油流动的动力(流场位势差)及阻力(空间距离),并依据位势梯度将世界石油流动区域分为北美、中南美、非洲、中东、欧洲和欧亚大陆以及亚太等6个流场,同时对石油流动的两个主要通道——海上航线、陆上管道进行了分析,建立了21世纪初世界石油流动的轨迹框架。
The flow of oil in the world is a historical phenomenon with wide geographical scope, large scale and enormous social and economic impact. It has obvious characteristics of the flow field in its operation form. Starting from the world oil supply and demand pattern, the world is divided into three types, that is, full outflow, basic self-sufficient and full inflow. According to the current ratio, the output and input of petroleum are divided into two major functions: transportation center and convergence center Types of. Based on this, the paper analyzes the motive force of oil flow (flow field potential difference) and resistance (spatial distance) by field theory, and divides the world petroleum flow area into North America, Central and South America, Africa, Middle East, Europe and Eurasia and Asia-Pacific. At the same time, the author analyzes the two main channels of oil flow, sea route and onshore pipeline, and establishes the framework of world oil flow in the early 21st century.