谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(Glutathione S-transferases,GST,EC 2.5.1.18)是一个同源二聚体酶的超基因家族,属Ⅱ相代谢酶系,普遍存在于各种生物体内。研究表明GST在体内表达水平的高低是决定细胞对一些有毒化学物质的敏感性的关键因素。迄今为止,在入GST家族中共发现5类胞浆型同工酶,并分别进行了基因定位(表1)。其中,同工酶α、π、μ及θ在人体内含量较丰富。人群中并非每个个体都含有这5种同工酶,不同的GST表型是由其编码基因的多态性决定的。该同工酶编码基因的纯合缺失导致了个体对某种同工酶的缺乏。已证明GST基因家族中GSTT1,GSTM1,GSTP1基因位点具有多态性。目前,国内外的研究主要集中在GSTμ、GSTθ、GSTπ这3类同工酶及其编码基因的 Glutathione S-transferases (Glutathione S-transferases, GST, EC 2.5.1.18) is a homologue of a homodimeric enzyme that belongs to the phase II metabolic enzyme family and is found in a wide range of organisms. Research shows that the level of GST expression in vivo is the key factor that determines the sensitivity of cells to some toxic chemicals. To date, five types of cytosolic isoenzymes were found in the GST family, and were individually genetically sequenced (Table 1). Among them, isoenzyme α, π, μ and θ in the human body content is more abundant. Not every individual in the population contains these five isoenzymes, and the different GST phenotypes are dictated by the polymorphisms in their encoded genes. Homozygous deletion of the isoenzyme-encoding gene results in an individual’s lack of an isozyme. The GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 loci have been proved to be polymorphic in the GST gene family. At present, the researches at home and abroad mainly focus on the three kinds of isozymes GSTμ, GSTθ, GSTπ and their coding genes