文艺学方法论的本体内涵 晚近各国通用的文艺学的名称,不是泛指文学艺术,而是专指研究文学的科学。对此,日人滨田正秀说得最明确:“文艺学,英文也称做文学的科学,是一门科学地研究文学的学问,理应称之为‘文艺学’,但‘文学’一词,本身就含有‘研究文学的学问’的意思,因而不便叫它‘文学学’。这种做法未免多少有点迂腐,但通常都赋予‘文艺学’一词的‘研究文学学问’的含义。” 文艺学既然是研究文学的科学,那么,文艺学方法论的本体内涵将是文学本性的展开。任何不符合文学本性的研究,将有悖于科学形态。从根本上说,文学必然介入生活,介入于社会的广泛联系,介入时空,因此,就产生了一系列的外部关系,从而引申出社会学的方法、历史的方法、传记的方法,但文学又是一种非常特殊的意识形态,它借助于语言的技巧的媒介(而这种技巧,是文化的衍化过程,是“有意味的 Ontology of literary methodology methodology The names of literary and art schools recently used in various countries do not refer to literary arts but to the science of literary studies. In this regard, Masanori Hamada said most clearly: “Literature and art, English is also called science of literature, is a scientific study of literature, it should be called ’literature and art’, but ’literature’ Itself contains the meaning of ’the study of literature’ and thus inconveniences to call it ’literary’, which is somewhat pedantic, but usually gives the meaning of ’research literature’ to ’literature and art’. Since literature and art is the science of research literature, the ontology connotation of the methodology of literature and art will be the unfolding of the nature of literature. Any research that does not accord with the nature of literature will be contrary to the scientific form. Fundamentally speaking, literature must intervene in life, be involved in the extensive social contact and intervene in time and space. Therefore, a series of external relations have emerged, leading to sociological methods, historical methods and biographical methods. However, Is a very special ideology that draws on the medium of linguistic skills (and this technique, the process of the cultural evolvement, is ”meaningful