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目的探讨广州小学生的日间活动与睡眠状况的性别差异。方法抽取广州市5所小学的一至六年级共3463名学生,采用香港中文大学定式化睡眠问卷(修订版)调查他们的日间活动和睡眠状况。结果3463名小学生中日间女生阅读课外书[(0.75±0.52)h vs(0.66±0.46)h,χ~2=64.516,P<0.01]和打电话的时间[(0.22±0.29)h vs(0.17±0.25)h,χ~2=50.780,P<0.05)长于男生,而男生的运动时间[(0.83±0.60)h vs(0.79±0.59)h,χ~2=64.619,P<0.01)和其他课外运动[(0.63±0.64)h vs(0.57±1.58)h,χ~2=65.670,P<0.01)长于女生。从睡眠状况来看,女生的周末与学习日在床时间明显高于男生[(12.63±12.03)%vs(10.63±10.69)%,Z=4.819,P<0.01)]。男生比女生更多地存在以下的睡眠障碍相关症状:打鼾、特殊俯卧体位、夜汗、睡语和尿床。结论广州市小学男童更倾向于运动等活跃性活动,女童更倾向于读书等安静性活动。女童更为明显的周末睡眠补偿可能身心发展更为有利。
Objective To explore the gender differences of daytime activities and sleep status among pupils in Guangzhou. Methods A total of 3463 students from Grade 1 to Grade 6 in 5 primary schools in Guangzhou were recruited to investigate their daytime activities and sleep status using the revised version of the questionnaire on the standardized sleep of Chinese University of Hong Kong. RESULTS: The number of extracurricular readings of mid-day and post-school girls in 3463 pupils [(0.75 ± 0.52) h vs (0.66 ± 0.46) h, χ ~ 2 = 64.516, P <0.01] (0.83 ± 0.60) h vs (0.79 ± 0.59) h, χ ~ 2 = 64.619, P <0.01) and Other extracurricular sports [(0.63 ± 0.64) h vs (0.57 ± 1.58) h, χ ~ 2 = 65.670, P <0.01) were longer than girls. From the point of view of sleep, girls’ weekends and study days at bed time were significantly higher than boys [(12.63 ± 12.03)% vs (10.63 ± 10.69)%, Z = 4.819, P <0.01). There are more sleep-related symptoms in boys than girls: snoring, special prone position, night sweats, sleepless nights and bed-wetting. Conclusions Primary school boys in Guangzhou are more inclined to active activities such as sports and girls are more inclined to quiet activities such as reading. The more pronounced weekend sleep compensation for girls may be more beneficial to physical and mental development.