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通过大田试验,以密闭法与硼酸吸收法收集和测定土壤NH3挥发量,以密闭法收集和气相色谱法测定土壤N2O释放量.采用二元二次正交旋转组合设计,研究交替灌溉施肥条件下的水氮数量耦合对NH3挥发,N2O排放及夏玉米产量的影响,并建立相应的数学模型.交替灌溉施肥处理NH3-N挥发量为4.78～17.00 kg/hm2,氨挥发引起的氮肥损失率为1.89%～11.89%;N2 O-N排放量为0.59～0.88 kg/hm2,氮肥损失率为0.01%～0.31%;常规处理NH3-N和N2 O-N排放量分别为19.55kg/hm2和1.29 kg/hm2,其氮肥损失率分别为8.27%和0.45%.交替灌溉施肥处理的籽粒产量为4 163.18～6 942.00 kg/hm2.模拟结果表明,气态氮(NH3-N+N2O-N)最低释放量为9.28 kg/hm2,相应水氮配比为800.00 m3/hm2(灌水量)和24.80kg/hm2(施氮量).最高籽粒产量为6 367.07 kg/hm2,相应水氮配比为930.12 m3/hm2(灌水量)和238.19 kg/hm2(施氮量).气态氮释放量≤12.84 kg/hm2的管理方案:灌水量658.06～941.94 m3/hm2,施氮量87.36～131.16 kg/hm2.籽粒产量≥4 934.91 kg/hm2的管理方案:灌水量910.22～1 134.20 m3/hm2,施氮量215.89～270.78 kg/hm2.控制性交替灌溉施肥条件下,气态氮损失较低和产量较高的灌水量范围为910.22～941.94 m3/hm2,氮肥用量则无交集.与常规灌溉施肥相比,水肥异区交替灌溉施肥显著降低气态氮释放,增加产量.
Field experiments were conducted to collect and determine soil NH3 volatilization by airtight method and boric acid absorption method, and the soil N2O emission was determined by confined method and gas chromatography.Using quadratic quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design, the effects of alternate irrigation and fertilization Of water and nitrogen on NH3 volatilization, N2O emission and summer maize yield, and the corresponding mathematical model was established.The NH3-N volatilization was 4.78-17.00 kg / hm2 by alternate irrigation and fertilization, and the nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization was 1.89% ~ 11.89%; N2 ON emission was 0.59 ~ 0.88 kg / hm2, nitrogen loss rate was 0.01% -0.31%; NH3-N and N2 ON emissions were 19.55 kg / hm2 and 1.29 kg / The rate of nitrogen loss was 8.27% and 0.45%, respectively.The grain yield of alternate irrigation and fertilization treatments was 4 163.18-6 942.00 kg / hm2.The simulation results showed that the minimum level of NH3-N + N2O-N release was 9.28 kg / hm2, and the corresponding ratio of water to nitrogen was 800.00 m3 / hm2 (irrigation amount) and 24.80 kg / hm2 (nitrogen rate) .The highest grain yield was 6367.07 kg / hm2, and the corresponding ratio of water to nitrogen was 930.12 m3 / hm2 And 238.19 kg / hm2 (nitrogen application rate) Management plan of gaseous nitrogen release rate ≤12.84 kg / hm2: Irrigation rate 658.06 941.94 m 3 / hm 2 and 87.36 ~ 131.16 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen application rate. The grain yield was 4934.91 kg / hm 2, with irrigation volume of 910.22-134.20 m3 / hm 2 and nitrogen application rate of 215.89-270.78 kg / hm 2. Under irrigation and fertilization conditions, the irrigation amount ranged from 910.22 to 941.94 m3 / hm2 with low N loss and high yield of nitrogen fertilizer, but there was no cross-fertilization of nitrogen.Compared with conventional irrigation, the alternate irrigation and fertilization significantly reduced the release of gaseous nitrogen ,Increase production.