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卒中是全球范围内的重大公共卫生问题，其治疗关键在于早期诊断和及时治疗。微RNAs(microRNAs, miRNAs)是一类由20～25个核苷酸组成的非编码RNAs，通过与靶mRNAs的非翻译区结合，在细胞分化和发育的不同阶段起着关键的基因调控作用。miRNAs参与了几乎所有的生物学过程，与包括缺血性卒中在内的多种疾病密切相关。文章就miRNAs在缺血性卒中病理生理学过程中的作用进行综述。“,”Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide, and the key to its treatment depends on early diagnosis and timely treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs composed of 20-25 nucleotides. By binding the untranslated regions of target mRNAs, they play a key role in gene regulation at different stages of cell differentiation and development. miRNAs participate in almost all biological processes and are closely associated with many diseases including ischemic stroke. This article reviews the role of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke.