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严复的《天演论》通过有些意思的增删以及他自己的案语,使《天演论》基本不再像赫胥黎原作《进化论与伦理学》那样是一部伦理学的著作,而是一种结合自然科学理论的人文政论的著作。赫胥黎更多从人类的观点、从长久和永恒的观点看问题,而严复更多从一个民族的立场、从时代和现在的观点看问题,所以,赫胥黎有悲观主义,而严复有危机感。严复这种危机感有居于弱小民族的某种正当合理性,但是,在人类社会中除了竞争还有合作,而合作除了利益的纽带,根本上还需要道义的维系。
Yan Fu’s “Evolution and Ethics” adopted the meanings of addition and deletion as well as his own case, so that the theory of Evolution and Ethics was no longer an ethical work such as Huxley’s “Evolutionism and Ethics” A book combining humanities theory of natural science. Huxley more from the human point of view, from a long-term and eternal point of view of the problem, and Yan Fu more from a national standpoint, from the perspective of the times and the current point of view, so Huxley pessimism, and Yan Fu A sense of crisis. Yan Fu’s sense of crisis has some legitimacy rationale for the weaker nation. However, in addition to competition and co-operation in human society, cooperation in addition to the bond of interest basically needs moral safeguard.