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一、引言:将集体犯罪归因于个人引起的问题只有在多少有些过时的詹姆斯·邦德的电影中,我们才会看到那种打算单枪匹马毁掉整个国家的疯狂恶人。与之相比,国际犯罪的实际情况是由较大或较小人群一致同意实施的,其(或多或少)是有组织的活动。这种活动有时是在正式的集体领导下进行的,但更多的是以一种相当混乱并且无计划的方式实施的,由一种伤害或摧毁其他群体的共同愿望所驱动。今天的国际犯罪实施者范式已不再是20世纪30年代和20世纪40年代的德国国家社会主义者(NS)组织,具有相当容易界定的领导阶层和等级
I. INTRODUCTION: Attributing Collective Crime to Individual Problems Only in the somewhat outdated film of James Bond will we see the wicked wicked man who plans to single-handedly destroy the country as a whole. In contrast, the actual situation of international crime is implemented by the consent of larger or smaller groups of people, which (more or less) are organized activities. Sometimes such activities are conducted under formal collective leadership, but more often in a rather chaotic and unplanned manner, driven by a common aspiration to injure or destroy other groups. Today’s paradigm for international perpetrators of crime is no longer part of the German NSOs in the 1930s and 1940s, with rather easily defined leadership and hierarchy