日本国土狭小,资源匮乏,依靠自主创新增强产业竞争力早已成为日本全社会的共识。进入21世纪以来,日本每年新增专利近20万件,新增专利数连续十多年高居全球三甲,以政府为主导,学术机构和企业为主体的日本自主创新体系可谓硕果累累。一个完善的自主创新体系首先需 Japan's small territory and scarce resources have made the consensus of Japan's society as a whole already relying on independent innovation to enhance its industrial competitiveness. Since the 21st century, Japan has added nearly 200,000 new patents each year. The number of new patents has topped the world for more than a decade. The Japanese system of independent innovation, led by the government and dominated by academic institutions and enterprises, can be described as fruitful. A perfect system of independent innovation needs first