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秸秆时间分布与作物的成熟期关系密切,对其可持续利用有重要影响。本研究首先提出田间秸秆成熟期的概念,通过查阅2006—2011年正式发表的大田试验文献获得大田作物主产品在各地区的成熟期或收获期,确定不同地区各作物秸秆的成熟期。结果表明:从时间分布上看,1—4月是甘薯、甘蔗、棉花、马铃薯和油菜的秸秆成熟期;5—6月小麦和玉米的秸秆开始成熟,为全国秸秆成熟初期;7—11月为水稻、小麦及玉米集中收获时段,属于秸秆成熟盛期,其中,9和10月秸秆成熟的作物最多;12月为秸秆成熟末期,马铃薯、甘薯、花生、棉花、黄红麻和甘蔗的秸秆在此时期成熟。长江以北地区的作物秸秆成熟期为6—10月,高峰期在8—10月初;长江流域及以南地区无霜期长,可栽培作物种类多,秸秆成熟时间相对分散。明确田间秸秆的成熟期,为研究我国田间秸秆资源的时间分布提供依据。
The temporal distribution of straw is closely related to the maturity of the crop and has an important impact on its sustainable utilization. In this study, the concept of straw stalks in the field was first proposed. By referring to the published field trials published in 2006-2011, the maturity or harvesting period of the main products of field crops in various regions was obtained, and the maturity of straw in different regions was determined. The results showed that: from the time point of view, from January to April is sweet potato, sugar cane, cotton, potato and rape straw maturity; May-June wheat and corn stalks began to mature for the national straw maturity; July-November For the harvesting period of rice, wheat and corn, it belongs to the straw mature period, of which, the straw crop matures in September and October are the most; December is the end of straw maturity, potato, sweet potato, peanut, cotton, Mature in this period. The crop stalks in the area north of the Yangtze River are matured from June to October and peaked from the beginning of August to October. The frost-free period is long in the Yangtze River valley and the south of the Yangtze River. There are many kinds of cultivable crops, and straw maturation time is relatively dispersed. Clear field straw maturity, to provide the basis for the study of time distribution of straw resources in our country.