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目的:制定孕26~45周初生儿体格发育衡量均值,探讨初生儿宫内体格发育规律。方法:采用横断面时间段整群取样实况调查方法。测量方法按中国0~7岁正常儿童体格发育调查研究实施方案。结果:孕26~28周体重、身长、坐高、头围、胸围平均均值分别为1.23 kg、38.4、26.8、26.3、24.3 cm,孕37周时均值分别为2.93 kg、49.2、33.2、32.9、32.2 cm,后者分别是前者的2.38倍、1.28倍、1.24倍、1.25倍、1.32倍,均值最大值出现在孕41周分别为3.42 kg、51.0、34.3、34.1、33.4 cm。在孕28周至孕37周期间,平均每个孕周体重增长值为0.19 kg,平均每个孕周体重增长率为9%,是体重快速增长期;在孕38周至孕41周是体重发育缓慢增长期,平均每个孕周增长值为0.12 kg,孕周增长率平均为3.8%;结论:初生儿宫内体格发育与胎龄密切相关,胎龄越小,孕周均值增长率越大,胎龄越大,孕周均值增长率越小;随着胎龄增加孕周均值不断增长,孕41周出现均值最大值,之后均值的增长平缓,逐渐变为负增长。初生儿宫内发育均值存在男高女低的性别差异,形成差异的孕期是:身长和头围均值从孕27周起、体重均值从孕29周起、坐高均值从孕34周起、胸围均值从孕35周起显示了男高女低的性别差异。
OBJECTIVE: To establish the mean value of physical development in newborns at 26 ~ 45 weeks of gestation and to explore the law of physical development of newborn in uterus. Methods: The cross-sectional time sampling method cluster survey. Measurement methods according to China’s 0 to 7-year-old children physical development survey study implementation plan. Results: The average body weight, height, sitting height, head circumference and chest circumference were 1.23 kg, 38.4, 26.8, 26.3, 24.3 cm respectively at 26-28 weeks of gestation. The mean values at the 37th week of gestation were 2.93 kg, 49.2, 33.2, 32.9, 32.2 cm, the latter were 2.38 times, 1.28 times, 1.24 times, 1.25 times, 1.32 times the former, the mean maximum occurred in 41 weeks were 3.42 kg, 51.0,34.3,34.1,33.4 cm. During the 28 weeks pregnant to 37 weeks pregnant, the average weight gain per gestational week was 0.19 kg, the average weight gain per gestational week was 9%, is the rapid weight gain; 38 weeks pregnant to 41 weeks pregnant is a slow weight loss Growth period, the average growth rate of each gestational week was 0.12 kg, an average of 3.8% growth rate of gestational age; Conclusion: The physical development of the newborn is closely related to gestational age, gestational age is smaller, the greater the mean gestational age, The larger the gestational age, the smaller the average growth rate of gestational age. With the increase of gestational age, the mean value of gestational age increased continuously. Mean intrauterine development of the existence of gender differences in male and female, the formation of differences in pregnancy are: the average length and head circumference from 27 weeks pregnant, the average weight from 29 weeks pregnant, the average sitting height from 34 weeks of pregnancy, chest circumference The mean shows the gender difference in males and females from the 35th week of pregnancy.