目的　比较评价几种用于一期梅毒 (PS)的实验诊断方法。方法　采用暗视野显微镜法 (D F)、镀银染色法 (Ag)、间接免疫荧光法 (IIF)、聚合酶链反应 (PCR )等 4种梅毒螺旋体 (TP)检测方法和甲苯胺红不加热血清学试验(TRUST)和梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验 (TPPA)对 91例PS患者进行检测。结果　Ag法、IIF法、PCR法检测TP阳性率较高 ,D F法阳性率较低。对于病程小于 2周患者TRUST阳性率明显低于TPPA。结论　Ag法是TP检测的有效方法之一 ;对于病程小于 2周的PS患者TPPA比TRUST更具有诊断价值。 Objective To compare and evaluate several experimental diagnostic methods for primary syphilis (PS). Methods Four kinds of Treponema pallidum (TP) such as dark field microscopy (DF), silver staining (Ag), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 91 patients with PS were tested with TRUST and Treponema pallidum gelatin particle agglutination test (TPPA). Results The positive rate of TP was higher in Ag, IIF and PCR methods, and the positive rate in D F was lower. TRUST-positive rate was significantly lower than that of TPPA in patients with less than 2 weeks duration. Conclusion Ag is one of the effective methods for TP detection. TPPA is more diagnostic than TRUST for patients with PS less than 2 weeks.