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目的:观察中国肾移植受者的新生供者特异性抗体(dn DSA)产生规律及分析产生针对特定位点的新生供者特异性抗体(DQ DSA)的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年1月在海军军医大学附属长海医院接受肾移植的470例受者的临床资料，其中dn DSA阳性受者36例，通过横断面研究观察受者产生的dn DSA的针对性位点数量及其MFI值，对比分析各位点dn DSA的受者数量及强阳性受者比例之间的差异，初步观察dn DSA的产生规律，并将dn DQ DSA阳性受者与dn DQ DSA阴性受者的临床资料进行对照，应用卡方检验、秩和检验等方法进行统计学分析，找寻导致dn DQ DSA产生的相关因素。结果:本研究排除术前PRA阳性、移植失败、失访受者后共纳入肾移植受者470例，产生dn DSA者36例，发生率36/470(7.36%)，各dn DSA位点差异具有统计学意义(n P<0.001)，其中DQ位点最多为19例(52.8%)，且强阳性比例最高(n P<0.001)。将全部dn DQ DSA阳性受者作为观察组(19例)，随机选取dn DQ DSA阴性受者作为对照组(38例)，对两组进行单因素分析，发现两组在性别、诱导方案、输血史、移植病史等方面差异无统计学意义，DQ位点错配数是产生dn DQ DSA的相关因素(n P＝0.003)。n 结论:dn DQ DSA是中国肾移植受者群dn DSA主要组成部分，DQ位点应作为影响参数纳入中国人体器官分配与共享系统肾脏匹配算法，以降低dn DQ DSA发生率，改善预后。“,”Objective:Donor specific antibody (DSA) plays an important role in the long-term survival of transplanted kidneys. Therefore, we conducted this study to preliminary observe the production regularity of de novo donor specific HLA antibodies (dn DSA) in the kidney transplant recipients of our country and analyze correlation factors that influence the production of de novo DQ donor specific HLA antibodies(dn DQ DSA).Methods:A retrospective study was performed in patients undergoing kidney transplantation from January 2016 to January 2020 in Shanghai Changhai Hospital . Through a cross-sectional study, clinical data of patients、the number of targeted sites and MFI value of dn DSA were observed, the production regularity of dn DSA were found by comparing and analyzing the differences among them . Then through a case-control study, the clinical data of patients those with and without dn DQ DSA was compared, and the differences between them were analyzed by rank sum test and other statistical methods to find the relevant factors that influence the production of dn DQ DSA.Results:A total of 470 renal transplant recipients were included in this study after excluding those of pre-operative PRA positive, transplant failure and loss of follow-up, 36 patients produced dn DSA among them, with an incidence of 36/470 (7.36%). The numbers of each HLA antigens directed against by dn DSA were statistically different (n P<0.001), among which the number of DQ antigen was 19, the highest(52.8%), and the strong positive proportion of dn DQ DSA was the highest too(n P<0.001). Through case-control study, the clinical data of patients with dn DQ DSA and patients without dn DQ DSA were analyzed by single factor analysis, and found that there was no significant difference in gender, immune induction protocol, blood transfusion history and transplantation history, but the number of HLA-DQ mismatches was statistical difference between the two groups(n P=0.003).n Conclusions:DN DQ DSA is the main component of dn DSA produced by kidney transplant recipients in China. DQ locus should be included in kidney matching algorithm of COTRS system to reduce the incidence of dn DQ DSA and improve the prognosis of patients.