A long-term experiment was conducted at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate the characteristics of material cycling and C, N accumulation in infertile red soil under different treatments of rotation systems for 11 years. Plant biomass, amount of organic materials returned to the soil, and budget of nitrogen in soil were obviously different under conventional cultivation, coverage by shrubs (Lespedeza formosa), rotation of shrubs (Lespedeza formosa) and crops (Peanut-Buckwheat) . Rotation of shrubs and crops with a combination of rational fertilization would be 75 - 100% of biomass and a similar amount of organic materials returned to the soil compared with that under coverage shrubs, more input than output of nitrogen, high system stability, and increasing crop productivity. With distinct cycling, different treatments of rotation systems influenced discriminatorily soil fertility. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen were respectively less than 7 and 0 A long-term experiment was conducted at the Ecological Experimental Station of Red Soil, Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate the characteristics of material cycling and C, N accumulation in infertile red soil under different treatments of rotation systems for 11 years. Plant biomass, amount of organic materials returned to the soil, and budget of nitrogen in soil were significantly different conventional culture, coverage by shrubs (Lespedeza formosa), rotation of shrubs (Lespedeza formosa) and crops (Peanut-Buckwheat). Rotation of shrubs and crops with a combination of rational fertilization would be 75 - 100% of biomass and a similar amount of organic materials returned to the soil compared with that under covering shrubs, more input than output of nitrogen, high system stability, and increasing crop productivity. , different treatments of rotation systems influenced discriminatorily soil fertility. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen were respectively less than 7 and 0