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视觉模拟,特别是飞机起飞和着陆的关键动作的模拟,长期以来就存在要求逼真度的问题,而且随着在低能见度的极端条件下操作的新要求而极大地增长。在实际飞机上进行训练以适应这些条件不仅困难而危险,而且训练问题还受这样情况的影响,即飞机的飞行任务必须等待既出现所希望的气候条件,同时空域又正好是可用的那种综合情况。飞机训练中人员的危险和钱财的耗费随着更复杂的兵器设备,新一代的大型喷气运输机,以及不久将来采用的超音速运输机的出现也极大地增加。模拟工业许多年来一直在为视觉问题而奋斗,同时由于大型数字计算机的应用,地面模拟器的其它方面已达到惊人的逼真性。实际结果是感觉信号模拟逼真度显著地落后于仪表飞行模拟。本文叙述模拟工业所采取的用以解决这个问题,并提供必要的训练价值的各种途径,。由于理想的系统并不存在,文中叙述了各种途径的限制,并详细地叙述了必须采取的折衷办法。这个问题的一个新途径是利用有限空中走廊模拟的基本特点,实行有限自由度飞行动作的折衷办法,提供优良的图象质量。这种方法应用电影胶片作为数据库,仔细地避免了现代电视质量较低的问题,这样做法,看来为供给训练中最关键的飞行动作部分的一切必需的感觉信号提供唯一的可能性。
Simulation of visual simulations, and in particular the simulation of key movements for take-off and landing of aircraft, has long had a problem of demand for fidelity and has greatly increased with the new requirements for operation in extreme conditions of low visibility. Training on actual aircraft to meet these conditions is not only difficult but dangerous, and the training problem is also affected by the fact that the aircraft’s mission must wait for the combination of the desired climatic conditions and the availability of airspace Happening. The dangers and financial costs of personnel training in aircraft training have also increased dramatically with the introduction of more sophisticated weaponry, a new generation of large jet aircrafts and the introduction of supersonic transporters in the near future. The simulation industry has been struggling with visual problems for many years and the rest of the ground simulator has achieved amazing realism due to the large digital computer applications. The actual result is that the fidelity of the sensory signal significantly lags behind the flight simulation of the instrument. This article describes various ways taken by the simulation industry to address this issue and provide the necessary training value. As the ideal system does not exist, the paper describes the limitations of the various approaches and details the compromise that must be taken. A new approach to this problem is to utilize the trade-offs of limited degrees of freedom flight operations with the basic features of a finite air corridor simulation to provide excellent image quality. This approach, using a motion picture film as a database, carefully avoids the problems of the low quality of modern televisions, which, in so doing, appear to offer the only possibility of supplying all the necessary sensory signals for the most critical part of the flight in training.