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为了探索长白山杜鹃花属种间杂交的亲和性及种间杂交在种质创新中的可行性,以5种长白山杜鹃花属植物为试材,进行种间正反杂交,并对杂种胚进行离体培养。结果表明,杜鹃花属种间正反杂交亲和力有显著差异,以牛皮杜鹃为母本,与迎红杜鹃、白花迎红杜鹃、亚布力杜鹃杂交有较高的亲和性,与母本的自然授粉坐果率无显著差异,分别为92.55%、94.14%、92.42%,杂种胚的萌发率分别为13.60%、11.59%、4.12%;杂种苗生长势微弱,呈白化状态,有败育迹象,经继代培养2~3次后,生长势得到一定的恢复,且分化率明显高于牛皮杜鹃种胚苗,但植株的颜色仍是黄绿色。而反交时,坐果率明显降低,坐果率最高的组合为亚布力杜鹃×牛皮杜鹃,为36.51%;与迎红杜鹃的杂交坐果率为6.52%;而与大字杜鹃的杂交坐果率为0,但反交时亚布力×牛皮杜鹃的种胚萌发率极显著地高于正交,为39.81%,而且种胚苗生长健壮,无需继代,可直接进行炼苗移栽。
In order to explore the affinity of interspecific hybridization of Rhododendron in Changbai Mountains and the feasibility of interspecific hybridization in germplasm innovation, five species of Rhododendron in Changbai Mountain were used as test materials for crossbreeding between hybrids and hybrid embryos In vitro culture. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the reciprocity between the hybrids of Rhododendron species. The Rhododendron rhododendron was used as the female parent and had high affinity with Rhododendron simiarum, Rhododendron affinis and Rhododendron yredi hybrids, The fruit germination rate was 92.55%, 94.14% and 92.42% respectively. The germination rates of hybrid embryos were 13.60%, 11.59% and 4.12% respectively. The growth potential of hybrid seedlings was weak, After 2 ~ 3 subcultures, the growth potential got some recovery, and the differentiation rate was obviously higher than that of Rhododendron cuneata seedlings, but the plant color was still yellow-green. However, the fruit set rate was significantly lower when the cross was crossed. The highest fruit setting rate was 36.51% for the Yabuli rhododendrons × rhododendron rhododendrons, and 6.52% for the hybrids with Rhododendron simiarum. Seed germination rate of Yabuli × Rhododendron cuneus was extremely significantly higher than that of orthogonality at the time of anti-cross (39.81%), and the seedling seedlings grew robustly without further subculture, and the seedlings could be transplanted directly.