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以水煤气或石油裂解气为原料,或以酒精为原料,制成乙烯后,以次氯酸化法经氯乙醇生产环氧乙烷。原料气乙烯中如混有丙烯,则产品为环氧乙、丙烷混合物,经精溜分开. 环氧乙烷用途很广,与水反应生成乙二醇,用作防冻剂和生产的确良的原料.与氨反应生成乙醇胺,用于气体提纯作吸收剂.还可制成非离子型表面活性剂,用作农药乳化剂、化纤助剂、石油破乳剂等。还可用作杀虫剂、消毒剂。车间空气中环氧乙烷最高容许浓度为5毫克/立方米。主要作用于神经系统,高浓度吸入可致脏器损害。皮肤污染可引起化学伤。车间空气中可能存在物质的理化性质及毒性见表1。其中乙烯、丙烯毒性小,氯乙醇蒸气压低,进入空气中量极少。氯气在氢火焰离子化检测器上无响应。故主要需要考虑的是:环氧乙(丙)烷,乙(丙)醛和氯代乙(丙)烷。
Using water gas or petroleum pyrolysis gas as raw material, or using alcohol as raw material to make ethylene, ethylene oxide is produced by chloro-ethanol by hypochlorination. If ethylene is mixed with propene in feed gas ethylene, the product is a mixture of ethylene oxide and propane, which is separated by smelting.Ethylene oxide is widely used and reacts with water to produce ethylene glycol, which is used as an antifreezing agent and a good raw material for production. It can react with ammonia to produce ethanolamine, which can be used for gas purification as absorbent, non-ionic surfactant, pesticide emulsifier, chemical fiber auxiliary, petroleum demulsifier and so on. Can also be used as insecticides, disinfectants. Workshop air of ethylene oxide maximum allowable concentration of 5 mg / cubic meter. The main role in the nervous system, high concentrations of inhalation can cause organ damage. Skin contamination can cause chemical damage. Workshop physical and chemical properties of the air may exist in Table 1. Among them, ethylene, propylene, small toxicity, low vapor pressure of chloroethanol, very little into the air. Chlorine is not responding on the hydrogen flame ionization detector. Therefore, the main needs to be considered are: ethylene oxide (propane), B (C) aldehyde and chlorinated ethylene (propane).