苏联民族学校俄语教学中正在成功地运用对比法——将俄语与学生本族语进行对比的方法。但是目前基本上只涉及语音、语法和词汇方面。修辞方面情况比较复杂。这个问题的研究还不够,而且几乎未在文献中论述。本文的目的是谈谈对比修辞学,它的形成和任务。近五十年来国内外语文学中,随着语言文学研究门类的扩大和课题的明确化,修辞学的一些新分支,包括对比修辞学,开始出现并得到了肯定。如果说以往修辞范畴只在单语范围内研究的话,那么现在这种研究已开始以两种或多种语言为场地展开。于是语言科学中便产 The Method of Contrast - Successfully Using Contrastive Method in Russian Teaching of Soviet Union Nationalities - A Comparison between Russian and Students’ Native Languages. But at present, it basically covers only the aspects of speech, grammar and vocabulary. Rhetoric situation is more complicated. The study of this problem is not enough, and is hardly discussed in the literature. The purpose of this article is to talk about rhetoric, its formation and its task. In the past 50 years, with the expansion of language and literature studies and the clarification of subjects, some new branches of rhetoric, including comparative rhetoric, have emerged and been affirmed. If the rhetorical categories in the past were only studied in the monolingual range, then the study has begun to be conducted in two or more languages. So in the language science will produce