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将碳酸钙和硫酸镁改性的硝酸铵按照工业炸药配方配制成铵油 (ANFO)炸药 ,以 8号雷管起爆 ,对硝酸铵的爆轰安全性进行了评价。采用恒温热分解和示差扫描量热法 ,研究了改性硝酸铵及铵油炸药的热分解行为。测定了改性硝酸铵的比表面积以解释爆轰结果。得出如下结论 :硝酸铵含 4 0 %的碳酸钙 ,或 2 5 %碳酸钙和 5 %硫酸镁的混合物 ,所配制的铵油炸药不能被 8号雷管起爆。碳酸钙同硝酸铵发生复分解反应放出NH3 、H2 O和CO2 气体 ,反应程度与碳酸钙的含量、温度和时间成正比。虽然硝酸铵中加入碳酸钙后提高了ANFO炸药的热稳定性 ,但由于上述气体的逸出增加了改性硝酸铵的比表面积。因此 ,在硝酸铵中加入少量的碳酸钙不能达到爆轰安全性的要求。硫酸镁与硝酸铵形成复盐 ,可减缓硝酸铵和碳酸钙之间复分解反应的速度 ,有利于降低硝酸铵的起爆感度
Ammonium nitrate (ANFO) explosives were prepared from industrial explosives by calcium carbonate and magnesium sulfate-modified ammonium nitrate, detonated with a No. 8 detonator, and the detonation safety of ammonium nitrate was evaluated. Thermal decomposition and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the thermal decomposition behavior of modified ammonium nitrate and ammonium oil explosives. The specific surface area of the modified ammonium nitrate was measured to explain the detonation result. Concluded that the following: ammonium nitrate containing 40% calcium carbonate, or 25% calcium carbonate and 5% magnesium sulfate mixture, formulated ammonium oil explosives can not be detonated No. 8. Calcium carbonate with ammonium nitrate occurs metathesis reaction of NH3, H2 O and CO2 emissions, the degree of reaction with calcium carbonate content, temperature and time is proportional to. Although the addition of calcium carbonate to ammonium nitrate increases the thermal stability of ANFO explosives, the specific surface area of the modified ammonium nitrate increases due to the evolution of the above gases. Therefore, adding a small amount of calcium carbonate in ammonium nitrate can not meet the requirements of detonation safety. Magnesium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to form double salts can slow down the rate of metathesis reaction between ammonium nitrate and calcium carbonate, help to reduce the initiation sensitivity of ammonium nitrate