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摘 要:采用文献资料法、观察法等对啦啦操表演的文化元素从物质文化、精神文化和制度文化3个层面进行探析,旨在为啦啦操表演与训练提供理论参考。研究认为:1)物质文化层面的元素主要包含服饰、道具和动作;2)精神文化层面的元素主要包含价值观、精神面貌、审美观、艺术和娱乐;3)制度文化层面的元素主要包含竞赛裁判规则、管理组织机构和训练、比赛管理体制;4)物质文化层面的元素是可以看得见的,精神文化和制度文化层面的元素依附于物质文化元素,并通过服饰、道具以及动作等物质文化元素反映出来,尤其是精神文化层面的元素。
关键词:啦啦操表演;文化元素;物质文化;精神文化;制度文化
中国图书分类号:G837 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004-7662(2014 )03-0021-05Analysis on Cultural Element in Cheerleading PerformanceLI Hui, GUO Xiu-ping
(School of Physical Education, Qiongzhou University, Sanya 572022, Hainan China)Abstract:Adopting methods of literature consultation and observation, this thesis analyses culture elements of cheerleading performance in three aspects, material culture, spiritual culture and institutional culture, aiming to provide theoretical reference to cheerleading performance and training. Conclusions are as follows: 1) Material culture mainly contains costumes, props and actions. 2) Spiritual culture mainly contains values, spirit, aesthetics, art and entertainment. 3) Institutional culture mainly contains competition referee rules, management organization and training as well as competition management system. 4) Material cultural elements are real and visible. Depending on material culture, spiritual and institutional culture elements are reflected through material culture elements like costumes, props and action, especially spiritual culture ones.
Key words: cheerleading performance; cultural element; material culture; spiritual culture; institutional culture啦啦操(cheerleading),起源于美国,是指在音乐伴奏下,通过运动员集体完成复杂、高难的项目特有的难度、过渡配合、基本手位与舞蹈动作,充分展示团队高超的运动技能技巧,体现青春活力、积极向上的团队精神,并努力追求最高团队荣誉感的一项体育运动[1]。现代啦啦操运动起源于19世纪80年代的美国高校,当时组建啦啦队的主要目的就是为比赛加油助威、烘托赛场气氛。啦啦操运动是独具文化魅力的一项体育运动,它彰显体育精神,传承体育文化,其包含的教化功能和文化原素恰恰是校园文化的重要组成部分。啦啦操运动既彰显个性,追求更高、更快、更强的体育精神,又注重群体,追求和谐与凝聚团队精神,还与其他运动项目互相融合,例如,体操、健美操、舞蹈等,通过与观众的互动和现场表演起到推波助澜、烘托赛场气氛的作用,使体育精神和体育文化在比赛、表演和与观众的和谐互动中放大和升华。而现代啦啦操表演中,尤其是具有商业性质的啦啦操表演中则出现了为迎合观众以及运动员而趋向于世俗化的倾向,本文旨在通过对啦啦操表演中文化元素的探析,使啦啦操表演者或者教练员对于啦啦操表演能够有更加深刻的认识,为啦啦操的表演和训练提供一定的理论参考。
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关键词:啦啦操表演;文化元素;物质文化;精神文化;制度文化
中国图书分类号:G837 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1004-7662(2014 )03-0021-05Analysis on Cultural Element in Cheerleading PerformanceLI Hui, GUO Xiu-ping
(School of Physical Education, Qiongzhou University, Sanya 572022, Hainan China)Abstract:Adopting methods of literature consultation and observation, this thesis analyses culture elements of cheerleading performance in three aspects, material culture, spiritual culture and institutional culture, aiming to provide theoretical reference to cheerleading performance and training. Conclusions are as follows: 1) Material culture mainly contains costumes, props and actions. 2) Spiritual culture mainly contains values, spirit, aesthetics, art and entertainment. 3) Institutional culture mainly contains competition referee rules, management organization and training as well as competition management system. 4) Material cultural elements are real and visible. Depending on material culture, spiritual and institutional culture elements are reflected through material culture elements like costumes, props and action, especially spiritual culture ones.
Key words: cheerleading performance; cultural element; material culture; spiritual culture; institutional culture啦啦操(cheerleading),起源于美国,是指在音乐伴奏下,通过运动员集体完成复杂、高难的项目特有的难度、过渡配合、基本手位与舞蹈动作,充分展示团队高超的运动技能技巧,体现青春活力、积极向上的团队精神,并努力追求最高团队荣誉感的一项体育运动[1]。现代啦啦操运动起源于19世纪80年代的美国高校,当时组建啦啦队的主要目的就是为比赛加油助威、烘托赛场气氛。啦啦操运动是独具文化魅力的一项体育运动,它彰显体育精神,传承体育文化,其包含的教化功能和文化原素恰恰是校园文化的重要组成部分。啦啦操运动既彰显个性,追求更高、更快、更强的体育精神,又注重群体,追求和谐与凝聚团队精神,还与其他运动项目互相融合,例如,体操、健美操、舞蹈等,通过与观众的互动和现场表演起到推波助澜、烘托赛场气氛的作用,使体育精神和体育文化在比赛、表演和与观众的和谐互动中放大和升华。而现代啦啦操表演中,尤其是具有商业性质的啦啦操表演中则出现了为迎合观众以及运动员而趋向于世俗化的倾向,本文旨在通过对啦啦操表演中文化元素的探析,使啦啦操表演者或者教练员对于啦啦操表演能够有更加深刻的认识,为啦啦操的表演和训练提供一定的理论参考。
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