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针对风雪流作用下低矮建筑屋面积雪分布特征预测问题,基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)与离散元方法(discrete element method,DEM)的耦合,研究了风雪流的数值模拟方法,包括风雪耦合状态下的流体运动方程、雪颗粒运动方程、流体-雪颗粒耦合控制方程及雪颗粒碰撞模型,建立了基于实测的雪颗粒材料参数、碰撞参数、边界控制条件和耦合计算方法等,并采用该方法对Tsuchiya阶梯型屋面的积雪模式进行了数值模拟。结果表明:模拟结果与野外实测及风洞试验结果取得了较好的一致性,验证了该方法的有效性;低屋面积雪对风场干扰较为显著,低屋面末端处的无量纲水平风速从无积雪分布时的-0.4增加为有积雪分布时的0,明显削弱了屋盖积雪区空气回流漩涡。
In order to predict the snow distribution characteristics of low-rise buildings under the effect of wind and snow flow, the coupling of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) was used to study the numerical simulation of snow flow. The method includes the fluid motion equation, the snow particle motion equation, the fluid-snow particle coupling control equation and the snow particle collision model under the wind-snow coupling condition, and establishes the snow particle material parameters, collision parameters, boundary control conditions and coupling calculation based on the actual measurement. Methods, etc., and using this method, numerical simulations were performed on the snow pattern of the Tsuchiya stepped roof. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with field measurements and wind tunnel test results, and the effectiveness of the method is verified. The low roof area snow has more significant interference with the wind field, and the dimensionless horizontal wind velocity at the end of the low roof is from The -0.4 increase in the snow-free distribution was 0 when there was a snow distribution, which significantly weakened the air recirculation vortex in the snow cover area of the roof.