Rice stripe mosaic virus (RSMV) is a rhabdovirus recently found in southern part of China and can cause severe reduction in rice production.To establish serological methods for RSMV epidemiological studies and to establish a control strategy for this virus,we first purified RSMV virions from infected rice plants and then used them as an immunogen to produce four RSMV-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (i.e.,1D4,4A8,8E4 and 1 1F11).With these MAbs,we have developed a highly specific and sensitive antigen-coated plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACP-ELISA),a Dot-ELISA and a Tissue print-ELISA for rapid detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers.Our results showed that RSMV can be readily detected in RSMV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted at 1:20,971,520 (w/v,g/mL)through ACP-ELISA or diluted at 1:327,680 (w/v,g/mL) through Dot-ELISA.Both ACP-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can also be used to detect RSMV infection in individual RSMV viruliferous leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis) homogenate diluted at 1:307,200 and 1:163,840 (individual leafhopper/μL),respectively.Detection of RSMV infection in field-collected rice samples or in RSMV viruliferous leafhoppers indicated that the three serological methods can produce same results with that produced by RT-PCR (19 of the 33 rice samples and 5 of the 16 leafhoppers were RSMV-positive).We consider that the four MAbs produced in this study are very specific and sensitive,and the three new serological methods are very useful for detections of RSMV infection in rice plants or in leafhoppers and the establishment of the disease control strategies.