论文部分内容阅读
沈括(1031-1095)字存中,浙江钱塘人,宋代科学家。仁宗八年(1063)考中进士,曾出任宁国(今属安徽)县令。神宗时积极参加王安石变法运动,担任过“权三司使”,“判军器监”等重要职务。此外,沈括还担任过提举司天监、翰林学士、延州知州等职。元丰五年(1082)以徐禧失陷永乐城(今陕西米脂县)受牵连而遭贬。晚年居润州(今江苏镇江)梦溪圆。传世著作有《梦溪笔谈》、《补笔谈》、《续笔谈》、《长兴集》、《苏沈良方》。《梦溪笔谈》是一部笔记体裁的文集。全书六百余条,关于科学技术的条目占三分之一以上。内容涉及数学、天文、历法、地理、地质、气象、物理、化学、冶金、兵器、水利、建筑、动植物、医药等许多领域,是中国科技史上的重要文献。
Shen Kuo (1031-1095) word deposit, Zhejiang Qiantang, Song Dynasty scientists. Renzong eight years (1063) test in the exam, served as Ningguo (now Anhui) county magistrate. Shenzong actively participate in the Wang Anshi change movement, served as “power three Secretary”, “Armed forces prison” and other important positions. In addition, Shen Kuo also served as lifting the Secretary Tianjian, Hanlin Bachelor, Yanzhou know state and other staff. Yuanfeng five years (1082) to Xu Xi lost Yongle City (now Shaanxi Mizhi County) implicated and was relegated. In his later years Runzhou (now Jiangsu Zhenjiang) Dream Creek circle. His works include “Meng Xi Bi Tan Tan”, “Supplementary Bi Tan Tan”, “Continued Bi Tan Tan”, “Chang Hsing Ji”, “Su Shen Liang Fang.” “Meng Xi Bi Tan” is a collection of notes genre. The book more than 600 articles on science and technology accounts for more than one-third. It covers many fields such as mathematics, astronomy, calendar, geography, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, metallurgy, weapons, water conservancy, architecture, animals and plants, medicine and other fields and is an important document in the history of science and technology in China.