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最近对与花岗岩相关的锂、稀土金属和贱金属(例如Cu和Mo)矿产需求重新激发了人们对其成矿作用研究的兴趣。本文综述了不同类型花岗质岩石及与其相关的矿床:1)与高分异花岗岩有关的浸染状稀有金属矿化;2)热液型锡和钨矿化(如:矽卡岩型矿床);3)伟晶岩型稀有元素矿化;4)斑岩型矿化。虽然花岗岩和相关矿化作用之间(特别是斑岩系统相对于稀有金属)的联系还没有明确,但最近这些成矿系统的相关研究进展为探讨两者之间的关系提供了条件。本文重点回顾了与花岗岩相关成矿作用的主要特征,以及与不同类型矿化有关的花岗质岩浆的多样性,并论述了不同类型矿床的成矿模式。尽管长英质侵入岩浆系统复杂多样,但近来与这些矿化系统有关的研究进展可望能够作为找矿勘探的指示。地球化学特征可以揭示岩浆系统的氧化还原状态,进而可以判断斑岩系统的成矿潜力,它还可以与其他找矿勘探指标如矿物的同位素和微量元素分析联合使用。本文还讨论了通过熔融包裹体分析,研究微量元素在硅酸盐岩浆与挥发分体系中的行为。
Recent mineral demand for granites related to lithium, rare earth metals and base metals such as Cu and Mo has revived interest in the study of mineralization. This paper reviews the different types of granitic rocks and their related deposits: 1) disseminated rare metal mineralization associated with highly-distinct granites; 2) hydrothermal tin and tungsten mineralization (eg, skarn deposits) ; 3) Pegmatite-type rare element mineralization; 4) Porphyry mineralization. Although the linkages between granites and related mineralization (especially porphyry systems relative to rare metals) have not been clarified, recent advances in these metallogenic systems provide the basis for exploring the relationship between the two. This paper reviews the main features of granite-related mineralization and the diversity of granitic magmas associated with different types of mineralization, and discusses the metallogenic models of different types of deposits. Despite the complex and diverse magma intrusion systems, recent advances in these mineralization systems are expected to be indicative of prospecting. Geochemical features can reveal the redox state of the magmatic system, which in turn can determine the metallogenic potential of the porphyry system. It can also be used in combination with other mineral prospecting indicators such as mineral isotope and trace element analysis. This paper also discusses the behavior of trace elements in silicate magma and volatiles by melt inclusion analysis.