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尼龙竿的使用已经有大约40年的历史了,在此期间人们积累了大量的实用知识和理论知识。本文作者维塔利·彼得洛夫(曾执教过男子撑竿跳高纪录保持者布勃卡和2003年世锦赛冠军吉比利斯科)分析了现代撑竿跳高的技术。除了阐述他使用的技术类型以外, 他在自己的执教经验和观看其他世界水平运动员比赛的基础上为读者提供了很多信息。作者强调了一些以往被许多专家所忽视的问题,例如在准备起跳时左手的重要性等等,同时为读者提供了很多实用的建议。本文来源于2004年3月德国科隆体育大学的一个撑竿跳高研讨会。 1961年,国际田联正式批准尼龙竿可用于正式的田径比赛。从此之后,男子撑竿跳高项目的世界纪录被不断打破,并由原来的4.80米上升到了6.15米,这个纪录还有望在不远的将来继续被改写。随着纪录被不断打破,人们也积累了很多有关使用尼龙竿的经验和理论认识,得以分析使用尼龙竿的技术特性。尽管人们对撑竿跳高这一项目的看法可谓仁者见仁,智者见智,但这个项目的力学原理是一致的。撑竿跳高技术的基本力学原理就是:钟摆原理,即两个钟摆长度的变化(撑竿是第一钟摆,运动员是第二钟摆),两个钟摆的角速度由运动员自身重心到转动轴距离决定。撑竿跳高的技术模型就是在这个原理的基础上逐渐形成的。该技术模型的基础是生物力学原理,但是由于个体身体素质、心理素质和身体协调能力上的区别, 在这个模型下,个体表现也可以说是千差万别。为了能更好地审视这个技术模型的细节,我们将撑竿跳高分成6个步骤:握竿、持竿;助跑(起跑和途中跑);插穴、竖竿;起跳、摆体;团身、伸展;推竿、过竿。请注意,文章中所讲的技术都是针对右手为上手握竿的运动员。对于左手运动员,教练员必须作相应的调整。
The use of nylon rods has been around for about 40 years, during which time people have accumulated a great deal of practical knowledge and theoretical knowledge. The author of the paper, Vitaly Petrov (who once coached the men’s pole vault record holder Bubka and 2003 world champion Guilliesisco) analyzed the technology of modern pole vaults. In addition to explaining the type of technology he uses, he provides readers with a lot of information based on his coaching experience and watching other world-class athletes. The author emphasizes issues that were overlooked by many experts in the past, such as the importance of the left hand when preparing for take-off, etc., and provided readers with many practical suggestions. This article comes from a pole vault seminar in Cologne, Germany, in March 2004. In 1961, the IAAF officially approved the nylon rod can be used for formal track and field competitions. Since then, the world record for the Men’s Pole Vault Project has been continuously broken, rising from 4.80 meters to 6.15 meters and is expected to continue to be rewritten in the near future. As records have been continuously broken, people have accumulated a lot of experience and theoretical knowledge about the use of nylon rods to analyze the technical characteristics of the use of nylon rods. Although the views on the pole vault can be described as benevolent and wise, the mechanics of this project are consistent. Pole vault basic mechanics is: pendulum principle, that is, the change of the length of the two pendants (pole is the first pendulum, the second is the pendulum), the angular velocity of the two pendulums from the center of gravity of the athletes to determine the distance from the axis of rotation. Pole vault technical model is based on this principle gradually formed. The technical model is based on the principles of biomechanics but due to the differences in the individual’s physical, mental qualities and body coordination, individual performance can also be varied in this model. In order to have a better look at the details of this technical model, we divided the pole vault into six steps: holding the pole, holding the pole, helping the runner (starting and midway running), inserting the hole and the vertical pole, taking off and posing, Stretch; push pole, pole. Please note that the techniques described in the article are for right-handed athletes who hold hands. For left-handed athletes, coaches must adjust accordingly.