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中国古老的家族在 18世纪以来的三百年中 ,发生了巨大的变化 ,即从古代的宗法性的祠堂族长制 ,向现代社会社团方向变革 ,分化出两个枝杈 ,一枝是族会、族务理事会、宗亲会 ,实行议会式、人民代表大会式的民主管理原则 ,取代宗法族长专制 ,并且坚持家族固有的血缘原则 ,惟将传统家族仅仅承认男性血统扩展为兼容男女血统 ;另一枝是联宗会、同宗会、宗亲会 ,系同姓氏成员的社团 ,不讲究共同血缘的原则 ,是家族的异化。两枝均有“宗亲会”的取名 ,表示重视亲情和现代民主管理原则。就目前家族整体状况而言 ,上述变更乃系进行中的事情 ,更新远未完成。家族的现代转向同中国社会从古代向现代转型相一致 ,是在社会变革猛烈冲击下发生的应变、自变的产物。
In the 300 years since the 18th century, the ancient Chinese family has undergone tremendous changes. From ancient patriarchal clan patriarchal clan system to modern society and society, there are two twists and turns. One is the tribe, Council, clan associations, the implementation of parliamentary, people’s congressional democratic management principles to replace patriarchal clan autocratic, and adhere to the principle of kinship inherent in the family, but the traditional family only recognizes the male lineage extended to compatible with the blood of men and women; the other branch It is the alienation of the family from the associations of the Zong Zong, the associations of the same clan, the clan associations, and the members of the same surname clan, without paying attention to the principle of common kinship. Both of the two clans have the name of “clansmen’s club” and they value their affection and the principle of modern democratic management. In the current situation of the family as a whole, the above change is a matter in progress and the update is far from complete. The family’s modern turn is consistent with the Chinese society’s transformation from ancient times to modern times. It is the product of the contingency and self-transformation that took place under the violent impact of social changes.