古典自由主义早就试图在自我的自由与共和德性之间达成和解,但最终不得不在资本蔓延的现代自由主义面前走向“虚无”。黑格尔从宪政的伦理国家角度提供一种共同体的德性保全,最终也免不了被马克思看作是君主制的时代翻版。马克思发现,市民社会的利己主义基础不是使人回到人的类本质上来,反而是分裂人的这种本质。左翼自由主义同样放弃了对自身法权根据的追问,无法解决古典自由主义的德性缺失难题。 Classical liberalism has long attempted to reach a settlement between self-liberty and republicanism, but eventually it has to move toward “nothingness” before modern capitalism-sprawling liberalism. Hegel, from the constitutional ethical point of view, provides a community with the safeguard of morality and finally will inevitably be repudiated by Marx as a monarchy. Marx found that the basis of egoism in civil society is not the essence of bringing people back to humankind, but rather the essence of divisive people. Similarly, left-wing liberalism queried on the basis of its own legal rights and failed to solve the problem of the lack of virtue of classical liberalism.