管理学大师迈克尔·波特认为,企业提供给客户的产品或服务,其实是由一连串的活动组合起来所创造的,每一种活动都有可能促成最终产品的差异性,提升价值。为此,波特创立了“价值链”理论,将企业的各种活动以价值传递的方式分解开来,借以了解企业的成本特性以及现有与潜在的差异化来源。他指出,企业整个价值链的综合竞争力决定着自身的竞争力。(1) Management guru Michael Porter believes that the products or services that companies provide to customers are actually created by a series of activities, each of which has the potential to contribute to the final product differentiation and increase value. To this end, Porter created the “value chain” theory, which divides the various activities of the enterprise by means of value transfer so as to understand the cost characteristics of enterprises and the existing and potential sources of differentiation. He pointed out that the overall competitiveness of enterprises throughout the value chain determines its own competitiveness. (1)