铸造,俗称翻砂。数百年来,人们用石英砂作为基本材料,加上粘土做粘结剂,做成砂型。后来,虽然在粘结剂方面有了改进,从物理性的粘结剂发展到化学性的粘结剂,但仍然用砂为基本材料。另一方面,做砂型需要用模型,故在造型过程中,先将砂型至少做成两个半型,才能将模型取出。复杂的还需砂芯来翻出铸件中空的内腔。因此单从做出一个砂型来说,就需有春砂、起模、修型、下芯、合型等许多工序。为了减少一些工序,不起模型,同时使铸件尺寸比较精确,减少金属切削余量,于是出现了实型铸造,但是还是用石英砂为基本材料。由于用石英砂为基本材料,铸造车间灰尘多、噪音大,因而也容易产生矽肺等一些职业病。为了比较经济地解决大量用砂而产 Casting, commonly known as turning the sand. For hundreds of years, people use quartz sand as the basic material, together with clay as a binder, made of sand. Later, although improvements have been made in binders, from physical binders to chemical binders, sand is still used as the basic material. On the other hand, to do sand model needs to be used, so in the modeling process, the first sand made of at least two and a half to remove the model. The complicated sand core is also needed to pull out the hollow cavity of the casting. Therefore, to make a single sand, it is necessary to have spring sand, mold, repair, under the core, and many other processes fit. In order to reduce the number of processes, can not afford to model, at the same time make the casting size more accurate and reduce the metal cutting allowance, so there was a real casting, but still use quartz sand as the basic material. As the basic material with quartz sand, foundry dust and more noise, which is also prone to some occupational diseases such as silicosis. In order to more economically solve the large amount of sand and production