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[目的]探索谷子高产施肥中氮、磷、钾肥的最佳施用方式。[方法]以谷子品种“张杂10”为材料,研究氮、磷、钾肥运筹对谷子品质与产量的影响。[结果]产量最高的处理为N_4,氮肥施用量为225 kg/hm~2,产量为7 443.55 kg/hm~2。磷肥处理产量最高的是P_5,磷肥施用量为240 kg/hm~2,产量为6 800.45 kg/hm~2。钾肥处理产量最高的是K_4,钾肥施用量为90 kg/hm~2,产量为7 180.16 kg/hm~2。氮肥施用量的增加可以显著提高产量、穗粒重、千粒重以及蛋白质和碳水化合物的含量,但降低脂肪和纤维含量;磷肥施用量的增加有利于提高产量以及蛋白质、纤维的含量,但降低脂肪含量;钾肥施用量的增加有利于提高产量以及灰分、碳水化合物、脂肪、纤维的含量,但降低蛋白质的含量。[结论]氮肥是提高产量的最主要决定性因素,磷肥和钾肥只有与氮肥相互配施才能发挥增产的效用。
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the best way of applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in high yield fertilizers of millet. [Method] With millet variety “Zhangza 10” as materials, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on millet quality and yield were studied. [Result] The treatment with the highest yield was N_4, the nitrogen fertilizer was 225 kg / hm ~ 2, and the yield was 7 443.55 kg / hm ~ 2. The highest phosphorus production was P_5, the application of phosphorus fertilizer was 240 kg / hm ~ 2 and the yield was 6 800.45 kg / hm ~ 2. K_4 was the highest yield of potash fertilizer, K2O was 90 kg / hm ~ 2 and the yield was 7 180.16 kg / hm ~ 2. The increase of N application could significantly increase the yield, grain weight per spike, 1000-grain weight, protein and carbohydrate content, but reduce the content of fat and fiber. The increase of P application was beneficial to the increase of yield, protein and fiber content, . The increase of potassium application is helpful to increase the yield and the content of ash, carbohydrate, fat and fiber, but reduce the content of protein. [Conclusion] Nitrogen fertilizer is the most decisive factor to increase yield. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can exert the effect of increasing yield only when they are combined with nitrogen fertilizers.