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目的了解狂犬病暴露者接种疫苗后的不良反应,为减少不良反应的发生以及狂犬病疫情的防控提供参考依据。方法采取当面观察、询问与电话追踪相结合的办法,对接种狂犬病疫苗的暴露病例进行疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)监测调查。结果在3 365例狂犬病暴露病例中监测到AEFI 49例次,所有AEFI均为不良反应,发生率为364.75/10万剂。AEFI病例在时间(χ~2=12.222)、空间(χ~2=1.266)及性别(χ~2=0.624)中的分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在年龄组(χ~2=10.800)与暴露级别(χ~2=6.352)中的分布差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接种狂犬病疫苗后的不良反应总体上数量少、症状轻,以一般反应为主。无佐剂人用狂犬病疫苗(Vero细胞)具有良好的安全性。
Objective To understand the adverse reactions of rabies exposed persons after vaccination and provide references for the prevention of adverse reactions and the prevention and control of rabies epidemic. Methods The methods of face-to-face observation, inquiry and telephone follow-up were used to investigate the suspected AEFI surveillance of exposed rabies vaccination cases. Results 49 cases of AEFI were detected in 3 365 cases of rabies exposure. All the AEFIs were adverse reactions with a rate of 364.75 per 100 000 doses. There was no significant difference in the distribution of AEFI in time (χ ~ 2 = 12.222), space (χ ~ 2 = 1.266) and sex (χ ~ 2 = 0.624) 2 = 10.800) and exposure level (χ ~ 2 = 6.352). There was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05). Conclusions The total number of adverse reactions after vaccination with rabies vaccine is small, the symptoms are mild, and the general reactions are the major ones. The unadjuvanted human rabies vaccine (Vero cells) has good safety.