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目的了解甘肃省兰州市农村集中式供水工程卫生管理状况。方法 2013—2015年整群选取兰州市农村集中式供水工程471个进行卫生管理状况问卷调查。结果 471个供水工程中,农村安全饮水工程占89.0%,以地表水和地下水为水源者分别占52.9%和47.1%,解决缺水问题、缺水污染水者分别占78.6%和9.8%,供水进行处理、未处理者分别占71.3%和28.7%,供水无消毒设备、无消毒的工程占48.6%,供水消毒使用二氧化氯、复合二氧化氯、液氯和一氯胺者分别占31.5%、7.9%、9.6%和0.4%,消毒设备按要求使用和偶尔使用者分别占38.2%和13.2%;2014年后农村安全饮水工程比例(χ~2=45.128)、地下水源工程比例(χ~2=5.676)、解决缺水污染水问题工程比例(χ~2=26.647)、供水未处理工程比例(χ~2=17.984)、以及复合二氧化氯(χ~2=51.412)、液氯消毒的工程比例(χ~2=15.621)均上升(均P<0.05)。结论兰州市农村集中式供水工程由解决缺水问题过度到安全饮水问题,但卫生管理形式严峻。
Objective To understand the health management of rural centralized water supply project in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. Methods A total of 471 rural centralized water supply projects in Lanzhou were selected from 2013 to 2015 to conduct a questionnaire survey on health management. Results Among the 471 water supply projects, 89.0% were rural safe drinking water projects, accounting for 52.9% and 47.1% respectively of those with surface water and groundwater as water sources. To solve the problem of water shortage, water-deficient water users accounted for 78.6% and 9.8% respectively, Were treated, the untreated accounted for 71.3% and 28.7% respectively, water supply without disinfection equipment, non-sterile engineering accounted for 48.6%, water disinfection use of chlorine dioxide, chlorine dioxide, liquid chlorine and monochloramine accounted for 31.5% , 7.9%, 9.6% and 0.4% respectively. The demand for disinfection equipment and occasional users accounted for 38.2% and 13.2% respectively. After 2014, the proportion of safe drinking water projects in rural areas (χ ~ 2 = 45.128) (Χ ~ 2 = 5.676), the proportion of water-deficit water projects (χ ~ 2 = 26.647), the proportions of untreated water supply projects (χ ~ 2 = 17.984), chlorine dioxide complex (χ ~ 2 = 51.412) (Χ ~ 2 = 15.621) increased (all P <0.05). Conclusion Lanzhou rural centralized water supply project has solved the problem of water shortage from over-drinking to safe drinking water, but the form of health management is grim.