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引言水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基,人多水少、水资源时空分布不均是我国的基本国情和水情。当前我国水资源面临的形势十分严峻,水资源短缺、水污染严重、水生态环境恶化等问题日益突出,已成为制约经济社会可持续发展的主要瓶颈。2011年中央一号文件,明确提出把严格水资源管理作为加快转变经济发展方式的战略举措,要求到2020年基本建立最严格的水资源管理制度。水利部在去年7月将上海市列入全国加快实施最严格水资源管理制度的试点省市之一,并要求其率先开展实施最严格水资
Introduction Water is the source of life, production, eco-based, people less water, water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space is China’s basic national conditions and water conditions. At present, the situation facing China’s water resources is very grim. The problems such as the shortage of water resources, serious water pollution and the deterioration of aquatic ecological environment have become increasingly prominent, which has become the major bottleneck restricting the sustainable development of economy and society. In 2011, the No.1 Central Government clearly stated that strict water resources management should be taken as a strategic move to speed up the transformation of economic development and required that the most stringent water resources management system be basically established by 2020. In July last year, the Ministry of Water Resources listed Shanghai as one of the pilot provinces and cities in the country to speed up the implementation of the most stringent water resources management system and demanded that it should take the lead in implementing the most stringent water resources