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通过春玉米田间试验和室内分析,研究施氮模式对春玉米养分吸收动态及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施氮提高了玉米植株氮、磷、钾含量,改善了玉米产量性状。随着生育期推进,玉米植株各器官氮、钾含量逐渐降低,磷含量变化无规律性。与其他施氮模式相比,二次追肥和一次深施处理显示出较大的优势,其中,产投比分别为7.78和6.93,氮肥农学效率分别为29.05 kg/kg和24.38 kg/kg,氮肥利用率分别为40.13%和39.92%。结合玉米的生理需肥特性和肥料性质,磷、钾肥作基肥,氮肥作基肥+拔节肥追肥+大喇叭口肥追肥和氮肥一次深施为适宜的施肥技术。
Through spring maize field experiment and laboratory analysis, the effect of nitrogen application mode on nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency of spring maize was studied. The results showed that nitrogen application increased nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of maize plants and improved maize yield traits. As the growth period progressed, the contents of nitrogen and potassium in various organs of corn plants gradually decreased, and the variation of phosphorus content was irregular. Compared with other N application modes, the second top dressing and the second one showed great advantages. Among them, the N / P ratio was 7.78 and 6.93, and the N agronomic efficiencies were 29.05 kg / kg and 24.38 kg / kg respectively. Utilization rates were 40.13% and 39.92% respectively. Combined with the physiological characteristics of fertilizer and the nature of fertilizers, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied as basal fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer as basal fertilizer + jointing fertilizer top dressing + big bellmouth fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer as a suitable fertilization technique.