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miRNA是参与基因转录后水平调控的非编码内源性小分子RNA,参与细胞周期、细胞分化、生长、新陈代谢以及细胞寿命等多个生物过程。在卵巢癌、子宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌中miRNA表达谱存在明显异常,提示其可能在调控妇科肿瘤的发生和发展中扮演着重要角色。在此阐述miRNA的生化特征,并分析和总结miRNA与妇科肿瘤的发生发展、早期诊断以及耐药性的关系,为妇科肿瘤中miRNA的功能研究以及临床实践提供参考。
MiRNAs are non-coding endogenous small RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene transcription and are involved in many biological processes such as cell cycle, cell differentiation, growth, metabolism and cell lifespan. The abnormal expression of miRNA in ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and endometrial cancer suggests that it may play an important role in regulating the occurrence and development of gynecologic oncology. This article describes the biochemical characteristics of miRNA, and analyze and summarize the relationship between miRNA and gynecologic oncogenesis, early diagnosis and drug resistance, and provide a reference for the functional study and clinical practice of miRNA in gynecologic oncology.