Synthesis of tetrasubstituted thiophenes from pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates and modified act

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Pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates were applied to a formal [3+2] annulation reaction with modified activated alkynes, affording various tetrasubstituted thiophenes with aryl, alkenyl, alkyl or silyl group at the special position. The structural modification of alkyne substrates enabled the synthesis of diverse thiophenes to be achieved using the pyridinium 1,4-zwitterionic thiolates as the sulfur-containing build-ing blocks. This approach is metal-free and catalyst-free.
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