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拟从分子生物学水平探讨肺癌的早期诊断问题。实验采用ｐ５３基因中第６，７，８外显子各设计一对引物，对３４例肺癌手术标本进行聚合酶链反应扩增（ＰＣＲ），产物经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行单链构象多态性分析（ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｓｔｒａｎｄ－ｃｏｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ－ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒ－ｐｈｉｓｍ，ＳＳＣＰ），发现３０例发生突变，突变率为８８．２％，其中鳞癌１０／１２例，腺癌８／１０例，小细胞癌３／３例，大细胞癌１／１例，肺泡细胞癌５／５例，腺鳞癌３／３例。在突变的１例鳞癌中同时伴有杂合性缺失。统计学分析表明，ｐ５３突变与组织分型、分化程度、临床分期及吸烟史无密切相关。提示ｐ５３突变在肺癌发生过程中起某种作用，可能主要影响肺癌发生的早期。本实验还运用多重引物ＰＣＲ方法对３４例肺癌标本进行人乳头瘤病毒（ＨＰＶＤＮＡ）检测，发现４例阳性，且皆为鳞癌；而其中３例检测出ｐ５３突变。
It is proposed to explore the early diagnosis of lung cancer from the level of molecular biology. A pair of primers were designed for exon 6,5,8 exon in p53 gene. Polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) was performed on 34 lung cancer surgical specimens. The product was polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for single-strand conformation. Single-strand-conformation-polymor-phism (SSCP) found mutations in 30 cases and the mutation rate was 88.2%. Among them, 10/12 squamous cell carcinomas, 8/10 adenocarcinomas, and small cell carcinomas 3 In 3 cases, there were 1/1 large cell carcinoma, 5/5 alveolar cell carcinoma, and 3/3 adenosquamous carcinoma. One case of mutated squamous cell carcinoma was accompanied by loss of heterozygosity. Statistical analysis showed that p53 mutation was not closely related to histological type, differentiation degree, clinical stage and smoking history. It suggests that p53 mutations play a role in the development of lung cancer and may mainly affect the early stage of lung cancer. In this experiment, 34 cases of lung cancer specimens were tested for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using multiplex primer PCR. Four cases were positive and all were squamous cell carcinomas. P53 mutations were detected in 3 of them.