在中国特殊的国情孕育下,与农民工流动相携而至的是“贫、挤、险、低”四大农民工问题。以农民工问题为背景,以历史作归纳,本文选取了1978～2008年的相关数据,用计量模型回归出中国农民工问题与二元经济结构的转化形成了恶性的对立关系。这种恶性关系的累积循环,导致农村发展缓慢、城乡劳动生产率严重失衡、制度变迁成本增加,最终加深了经济结构二元化。 Under the special national conditions in China, the migrant workers migrate to migrant workers to the problems of the four migrant workers such as poverty, crowding, insurance and low. Taking the issue of migrant workers as a background and taking history as an example, we select the relevant data from 1978 to 2008 and use the econometric model to conclude that the problem of migrant workers in China and the transformation of dual economic structure have formed vicious antagonistic relations. The cumulative cycle of such vicious relations has led to the slow development of rural areas, a serious imbalance between urban and rural labor productivity and the increase in the cost of institutional changes, which eventually deepen the dualization of the economic structure.