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作为筛查颈动脉斑块的新型技术，三维超声在临床及科研工作中发挥了重要作用。近年来的研究显示，三维超声结合各种新型算法可有效评估颈动脉斑块负荷及其易损性。三维超声存在容积探头成本高、体积大影响探测角度等问题，尚未在中国广泛使用。文章综述了三维超声在评估易损斑块及斑块负荷方面的优势，以期对今后的临床工作提供参考。“,”As a new technology for screening carotid plaques, three-dimensional ultrasound plays an important role in clinical and scientific research. Recent studies have shown that three-dimensional ultrasound combined with various new algorithms can effectively evaluate carotid plaque load and vulnerability. However, due to the high cost of volumetric probes and the large volume affecting the detection angle, three-dimensional ultrasound has not been widely used in China. This article reviews the advantages of three-dimensional ultrasound in evaluating vulnerable plaques and plaque load, in order to provide reference for clinical work in the future.