最早进行太空飞行的载人飞船:苏联的单座“东方1号”飞船(图⑾)。1961年4月12日,它由“东方号”运载火箭(图⑿)发射。飞船由球形再入舱、仪器舱和推火箭发动机组成,总重量约4.7吨。生命保障系统可供飞行10昼夜。飞船既可以自动控制,也可由航天员手动控制。再入舱返回地球距地面高度7千米时,航天员可弹射 The earliest space shuttle manned spacecraft: the Soviet Union’s single “East 1” spacecraft (Figure ⑾). On April 12, 1961, it was launched by the “Nazam” launch vehicle (pictogram). The spacecraft consists of spherical reentry bay, instrument bay and thrust rocket engine, with a total weight of about 4.7 tons. The life support system is available for 10 days and nights. The spacecraft can be either automatically controlled or manually controlled by the astronaut. Astronauts can then be ejected when they return to the Earth with a height of 7 kilometers from the ground