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广东高考英语写作的三个基本要求是切题、达意和连贯,而语言表述不当和写作技巧缺失是阻碍考生得分的主要杀手,主要表现在审题不严、内容不全、语法混乱、词法误用、拼写错误、母语思维、书写潦草、卷面不整洁等多方面。针对考生存在的诸多问题,我们是从以下几个方面着手训练,以便从错误表达的困境中走出来。
一、在课文复习中强化写作基本功
只有有了扎实的功底,表达才会随心所欲,自然流畅。那么如何才能练好写作基本功呢?
在第一轮复习教材时,要朗读每个单元的阅读材料,并从中挑选出三五个比较经典的句子分析理解,翻译成中文,然后反过来译成英文,再解释(paraphrase)句子,最后背诵。
如我们在复习人教版模块三第一单元时,通过朗读后,可找出以下句子:
1. Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
2. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.
3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
4. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
然后将其翻译成汉语:
1. 有些节日是为了纪念死者,取悦祖先,使他们得到满足,因为他们有可能回到世上或是提供帮助,也有可能带来危害。
2. 万圣节源自纪念亡者的祭事。
3. 最富生气而且最重要的节日就是告别冬天,迎来春天的日子。
4. 节日让我们享受生活,让我们为自己的习俗而自豪,还可以暂时忘却日常生活中的烦恼。
通过理解之后,又可在不看教材的情况下,将这些句子译成英文。
接着再用英语改写或解释这些句子(paraphrase the sentences)。我对上述句子的解释为:
1. People hold festivals in honor of the dead, satisfying and pleasing the ancestors, who would be likely to come back either to offer help or do harm.
2. Halloween originated from an event of memorializing those who were dead.
3. Festivals looking forward to the end of winter and the beginning of spring are the most energetic and important ones.
4. We can enjoy life, take pride in our customs and put aside our daily worries for the time being when celebrating festivals.
这样做既可复习巩固基础知识,也可强化写作基本功,为写作储存了语言材料,培养了语感,还可提高一个句子多种表达的能力。
二、建立语料库
考生表达能力的强弱与考生的词汇量大小有必然的因果关系,因此我们要准备一个小巧精致的笔记本,随时放在手边,不时把老师课堂上讲到的、自己阅读时碰到的、从好的习作中学到的好词好句记录下来,熟读熟记,并能灵活运用。同时也可以分类型把一些好的范例收录下来,学习模仿。考前有效的回顾语料库能让语言丰富并鲜活起来,这样表达起来就不会有“巧妇难为无米之炊’”之痛了。
三、规范训练
我们在平时训练中必须仔细审题,列出要点,并考虑选择语料,还要高度重视书写,整个写作过程都要按要求规范地完成,并养成习惯。下面结合实例(根据辽宁卷高考书面表达题改编)谈谈如何审题和选择语料。
下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历。
[写作内容]
请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文,包括以下内容:
1. 李明问爷爷鸟不开心的原因;
2. 李明在路上看到很多小鸟自由飞翔,联想到自己家里的鸟是孤独地关在笼子里面;
3. 李明告诉爷爷小鸟需要朋友,爷爷表示同意;
4. 李明和爷爷还有其他小朋友把小鸟放归天空,小鸟和其他鸟儿一起自由飞翔。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
本题是看图作文。讲述了李明通过看到天空自由飞翔的小鸟联想到笼中不开心的小鸟,从而决定说服爷爷放飞小鸟的故事。
仔细审题
审文体:记叙文体
审人称:第三人称
审时态:一般过去时
审要点:
(1)小明和爷爷,鸟笼;
(2)小鸟不开心;
(3)上学路上,看见小鸟在飞;
(5)想起笼中的小鸟;
(5)说服爷爷放飞小鸟;
(6)放飞小鸟,大家都很高兴。
选择语料
本文可能用到的词、短语、句型有:
(1)on one’s way to school
(2)see sb. doing sth.
(3)remind sb. of sth.
(4)persuade sb. to do/into doing
(5)set free
(6)to one’s delight/be delighted at doing
还要尽量使用:
(1)各类从句(建议一至两个);
(2)并列句(建议一至两个);
(3)分词短语或独立主格(建议一至两个)。
One possible version:
One Sunday morning, Li Ming and his grandpa were feeding the bird in the cage, which was unhappy though it had enough food and water. Li Ming did not know why and asked his grandpa why the bird was unhappy. The next morning on his way to school, Li Ming saw some birds flying in the sky, which reminded him of the lonely bird in the cage, so he decided to persuade his grandpa to set the bird free. When he got home, he said to his grandpa, “Birds also need friends!” and to his delight, his grandpa agreed.
The bird set free, Grandpa and the children were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky.
本文使用了两个由which引导的非了限制性定语从句,一个由though引导的让步状语从句,一个由why引导的宾语从句,一个由when引导的时间状语从句,一个由so连接的并列句,一个由and连接的并列句,有两个现在分词短语作宾补,最后一句还用了一个独立主格结构。
为了在作文中获取高分,应该做到如下几个方面:
(1)审清要点,千万不要因遗漏要点而丢分;
(2)尽量使用好词好句,为自己的文章增加亮点;
(3)注意使用过度词,使文章连贯顺畅;
(4)避免出现大的低级错误;
(5)书写要规范美观。
总之,写作是实实在在的硬功夫,写作能力的习得不是一朝一夕的,不可能一蹴而就,我们在平时的学习中必须重视培养写作的基本功,为写作打下坚实的基础。
责任编校 蒋小青
一、在课文复习中强化写作基本功
只有有了扎实的功底,表达才会随心所欲,自然流畅。那么如何才能练好写作基本功呢?
在第一轮复习教材时,要朗读每个单元的阅读材料,并从中挑选出三五个比较经典的句子分析理解,翻译成中文,然后反过来译成英文,再解释(paraphrase)句子,最后背诵。
如我们在复习人教版模块三第一单元时,通过朗读后,可找出以下句子:
1. Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
2. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.
3. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
4. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.
然后将其翻译成汉语:
1. 有些节日是为了纪念死者,取悦祖先,使他们得到满足,因为他们有可能回到世上或是提供帮助,也有可能带来危害。
2. 万圣节源自纪念亡者的祭事。
3. 最富生气而且最重要的节日就是告别冬天,迎来春天的日子。
4. 节日让我们享受生活,让我们为自己的习俗而自豪,还可以暂时忘却日常生活中的烦恼。
通过理解之后,又可在不看教材的情况下,将这些句子译成英文。
接着再用英语改写或解释这些句子(paraphrase the sentences)。我对上述句子的解释为:
1. People hold festivals in honor of the dead, satisfying and pleasing the ancestors, who would be likely to come back either to offer help or do harm.
2. Halloween originated from an event of memorializing those who were dead.
3. Festivals looking forward to the end of winter and the beginning of spring are the most energetic and important ones.
4. We can enjoy life, take pride in our customs and put aside our daily worries for the time being when celebrating festivals.
这样做既可复习巩固基础知识,也可强化写作基本功,为写作储存了语言材料,培养了语感,还可提高一个句子多种表达的能力。
二、建立语料库
考生表达能力的强弱与考生的词汇量大小有必然的因果关系,因此我们要准备一个小巧精致的笔记本,随时放在手边,不时把老师课堂上讲到的、自己阅读时碰到的、从好的习作中学到的好词好句记录下来,熟读熟记,并能灵活运用。同时也可以分类型把一些好的范例收录下来,学习模仿。考前有效的回顾语料库能让语言丰富并鲜活起来,这样表达起来就不会有“巧妇难为无米之炊’”之痛了。
三、规范训练
我们在平时训练中必须仔细审题,列出要点,并考虑选择语料,还要高度重视书写,整个写作过程都要按要求规范地完成,并养成习惯。下面结合实例(根据辽宁卷高考书面表达题改编)谈谈如何审题和选择语料。
下面四幅图片描述的是李明和爷爷从养鸟到放鸟的一段经历。
[写作内容]
请根据图片所提供的信息以第三人称用英语写一篇短文,包括以下内容:
1. 李明问爷爷鸟不开心的原因;
2. 李明在路上看到很多小鸟自由飞翔,联想到自己家里的鸟是孤独地关在笼子里面;
3. 李明告诉爷爷小鸟需要朋友,爷爷表示同意;
4. 李明和爷爷还有其他小朋友把小鸟放归天空,小鸟和其他鸟儿一起自由飞翔。
[写作要求]
只能使用5个句子表达全部的内容。
本题是看图作文。讲述了李明通过看到天空自由飞翔的小鸟联想到笼中不开心的小鸟,从而决定说服爷爷放飞小鸟的故事。
仔细审题
审文体:记叙文体
审人称:第三人称
审时态:一般过去时
审要点:
(1)小明和爷爷,鸟笼;
(2)小鸟不开心;
(3)上学路上,看见小鸟在飞;
(5)想起笼中的小鸟;
(5)说服爷爷放飞小鸟;
(6)放飞小鸟,大家都很高兴。
选择语料
本文可能用到的词、短语、句型有:
(1)on one’s way to school
(2)see sb. doing sth.
(3)remind sb. of sth.
(4)persuade sb. to do/into doing
(5)set free
(6)to one’s delight/be delighted at doing
还要尽量使用:
(1)各类从句(建议一至两个);
(2)并列句(建议一至两个);
(3)分词短语或独立主格(建议一至两个)。
One possible version:
One Sunday morning, Li Ming and his grandpa were feeding the bird in the cage, which was unhappy though it had enough food and water. Li Ming did not know why and asked his grandpa why the bird was unhappy. The next morning on his way to school, Li Ming saw some birds flying in the sky, which reminded him of the lonely bird in the cage, so he decided to persuade his grandpa to set the bird free. When he got home, he said to his grandpa, “Birds also need friends!” and to his delight, his grandpa agreed.
The bird set free, Grandpa and the children were very happy to see the bird flying away into the sky.
本文使用了两个由which引导的非了限制性定语从句,一个由though引导的让步状语从句,一个由why引导的宾语从句,一个由when引导的时间状语从句,一个由so连接的并列句,一个由and连接的并列句,有两个现在分词短语作宾补,最后一句还用了一个独立主格结构。
为了在作文中获取高分,应该做到如下几个方面:
(1)审清要点,千万不要因遗漏要点而丢分;
(2)尽量使用好词好句,为自己的文章增加亮点;
(3)注意使用过度词,使文章连贯顺畅;
(4)避免出现大的低级错误;
(5)书写要规范美观。
总之,写作是实实在在的硬功夫,写作能力的习得不是一朝一夕的,不可能一蹴而就,我们在平时的学习中必须重视培养写作的基本功,为写作打下坚实的基础。
责任编校 蒋小青