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中国东北黑土区是重要商品粮基地,长期的自然侵蚀和过度人为开垦,引起的黑土退化、水土流失日趋严重,限制了粮食产量的提高。植被具有截留降水,增强土壤抗蚀性,抗击减流等作用,能够有效控制水土流失。植被盖度也对水土流失的强度产生直接影响。采用遥感与GIS技术结合的方法,通过高分辨率影像WorldView提取植被盖度,用以计算中国土壤侵蚀方程(CSLE)中生物措施因子B值的范围,并将其应用于黑龙江省克山县古城小流域土壤侵蚀量的估算中,对该小流域的土壤侵蚀状况进行了定性和定量分析。结果显示,土壤侵蚀状况与植被盖度关系密切,说明植被在治理土壤侵蚀中有巨大作用,同时体现出该方法精度高,可信度大,在同类研究中具有适用性。
The black soil area in northeastern China is an important commodity grain base. Long-term natural erosion and man-made reclamation have caused the degradation of black soil and the increasingly serious water and soil loss, limiting the increase of grain output. Vegetation with interception of precipitation, enhance soil corrosion resistance, anti-flow reduction and other effects, can effectively control soil erosion. Vegetation coverage also has a direct impact on soil erosion intensity. Using the combination of remote sensing and GIS technology, the vegetation coverage was extracted from the high-resolution image WorldView to calculate the range of biological measures B value in China’s soil erosion equation (CSLE), and applied to the ancient city of Keshan County in Heilongjiang Province In the estimation of soil erosion in small watershed, the soil erosion in the small watershed was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the relationship between soil erosion and vegetation coverage is very close, which shows that vegetation plays an important role in soil erosion control. At the same time, the method shows high accuracy and credibility, and is applicable to similar studies.