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目的了解参与美沙酮维持的静脉吸毒人群特征及HIV感染危险因素,为实施有针对性干预措施提供依据。方法选取某医院美沙酮门诊82例静脉吸毒者,调查分析其HIV感染危险因素。结果参与美沙酮维持静脉吸毒者HIV经血液、性、母婴传播途径知晓率均在87.8%以上,蚊虫叮咬、共用游泳池或浴缸HIV非传播途径知晓率分别为54.9%、65.9%;认为没有感染HIV风险、不愿意与HIV/AIDS一起生活或交往、对HIV/AIDS继续工作学习持否定态度、如果不幸感染HIV将放弃治疗等负性态度分别占调查对象的78.0%、23.3%、29.2%、28.0%;调查对象中共用注射器、有2个或2个以上性伴侣、非固定性伴不使用安全套、美沙酮维持期间偷吸毒品等危险行为分别占37.8%、64.6%、23.2%、29.3%。结论美沙酮维持者AIDS防治非传播途径等知识知晓率偏低,其HIV感染危险行为主要有共用针具、不安全性行为、美沙酮维持期间偷吸毒品等。
Objective To understand the characteristics of HIV-infected people who participate in methadone maintenance and the risk factors of HIV infection, so as to provide basis for the implementation of targeted interventions. Methods A total of 82 intravenous drug abusers from methadone clinics in a hospital were selected to investigate the risk factors of HIV infection. Results The awareness rates of HIV, blood, sex and mother-to-child transmission were all over 87.8% in HIV-infected methamphetamine-dependent drug users. The awareness rate of non-transmission routes of mosquito bites and shared swimming pools or bathtubs were 54.9% and 65.9%, respectively. Risk, reluctance to live or interact with HIV / AIDS, negative attitude toward continuing work and study of HIV / AIDS, negligence of treatment if HIV / AIDS is unfortunate, account for 78.0%, 23.3%, 29.2% and 28.0% of respondents respectively %. There were 37.8%, 64.6%, 23.2% and 29.3% dangerous behaviors such as shared syringes, 2 or more sexual partners, non-fixed partners without condom and methamphetamine drug abuse during maintenance. Conclusion The awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control, such as non-transmission of AIDS, is low. The risk behaviors of HIV infection are mainly shared needles, unsafe sex and drug abuse during methadone maintenance.