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在我国刑法第二百六十三条第二项将在公共交通工具上抢劫作为抢劫罪的加重情节,而在最高人民法院发布的文件中将小型出租车排除在刑法二百六十三条中的公共交通工具之外。2016年7月28日交通部发布《关于深化改革推进出租汽车行业健康发展的指导意见》、《网络预约出租汽车经营服务管理暂行办法》明确网约车合法地位鼓励私人小客车合乘。网约出租汽车成为日常出行的一种普遍选择,由于在网约车的条件下可以选择与他人一起拼车出行,在实践中,如果是一人乘坐则最多可以与另外三位不确定的乘客同行,因此,在拼车状态下的网约出租汽车已经不再具有传统意义上小型出租车的排他性以及乘坐乘客的确定性。更多的具备了刑法意义上公共交通工具的特征,因此,在对于抢劫罪的“公共交通工具”的语义做出解释时应当适当考虑扩张。
In the second paragraph of Article 236 of the Criminal Law of China, robbery on public transport was taken as an aggravating circumstance of robbery and in the document issued by the Supreme People’s Court, a small taxi was excluded from the Penal Code in Article 163 of the Criminal Law Outside of public transport. July 28, 2016 The Ministry of Communications issued the Guiding Opinions on Deepening the Reform and Promoting the Healthy Development of the Taxi Industry, the Interim Measures for the Management of Taxi Services Provided by the Network, and explicitly stipulated that the legal status of the authorized vehicles should encourage the cooperation of private minibuses. About a taxi about daily travel as a universal choice, as the network about car conditions can choose to ride a car with others travel, in practice, if it is one person can travel up to three other passengers with uncertainty, Therefore, the network-related taxis in the state of carpool no longer have the exclusiveness of small taxis and the certainty of passengers in the traditional sense. More features of public transport in the sense of criminal law, so due account should be taken of expansion in interpreting the semantics of “public transport” for robbery.