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一、以“间接影响”为主,“直接干预”为辅。 在西德,对产业政策有不同的理解和主张。有的经济学家认为;产业政策也就是国家宏观经济管理和干预,直接对某些产业给予各种优惠扶持,对另一些产业进行限制、惩罚,这被称之为“直接干预型”产业政策。多数自由派经济学家一直强烈批评这类产业政策会“扭曲市场环境,导致资源配置偏高优化结构”。西德政府声称它实行的是基于市场经济的产业政策,主要是创立一个基础构架,间接影响企业活动,引导生产要素流向,促进产业结构调整。有人称之为“间接影响型”产业政策。从实际执行情况看,西德政府实行的是以“间接影响”为主,“直接干预”为辅的产业
First, with “indirect influence” as the main, “direct intervention” as a supplement. In West Germany, they have different understandings and opinions on industrial policies. Some economists think that the industrial policy is also the state’s macroeconomic management and intervention, giving various preferential treatments directly to certain industries and restricting and punishing other industries, which is called the “direct intervention” industrial policy . Most liberal economists have been strongly criticizing that such industrial policies will “distort the market environment and lead to a high and optimal allocation of resources.” The West German government claims that it is practicing an industrial policy based on a market economy. It mainly creates an infrastructure that indirectly influences the activities of enterprises, guides the flow of production elements and promotes the adjustment of industrial structure. Some people call it “indirect impact type” industrial policy. Judging from actual implementation, the West German government implemented industries that are dominated by “indirect effects” and supplemented by “direct interventions”