半个多世纪以来,世界上众多国家都在各自不同的起点上,努力寻求实现工业化和现代化的道路。一些国家主要依靠自身丰富的自然资源增加国民财富,如中东产油国家;一些国家主要依附于发达国家的资本、市场和技术,如一些拉美国家;还有一些国家把科技创新作为基本战略,大幅度提高科技创新能力,形成日益强大的竞争优势,国际学术界把这一类国家称之为创新型国家。 For more than half a century, many countries in the world have been trying hard to find a way to industrialization and modernization at their respective starting points. Some countries rely mainly on their abundant natural resources to increase their national wealth, such as the oil-producing countries in the Middle East; some rely mainly on the capital, markets and technologies of developed countries, such as some Latin American countries; and others regard science and technology innovation as their basic strategy. The rate of scientific and technological innovation increases, forming an increasingly powerful competitive advantage. The international academic community calls this type of country an innovative country.