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农民工是中国城市化进程中出现的一个特殊社会群体。近年来,农民工群体发生分化,从单向由农村向城市流动,转为了双向流动。长期以来,无论是在城市打工还是返乡回流的农民工,就业和生活都遇到了重重困难;农民工市民化也遇到诸多障碍。这些问题的解决,依靠农民工本身是远远不够的,目前,这一群体迫切需要有效扶助的社会公助。根据农民工群体分化的不同层次,在其自助基础上,实施积极有效的社会公助,既有极强的针对性,又可以降低中国城市化的成本,是中国农村劳动力双向流动的根本保证,对推进城市化进程、建设社会主义新农村都有重大意义。
Migrant workers are a special social group emerging in the process of urbanization in China. In recent years, the migrant workers’ groups have undergone a polarization shift from one-way rural areas to cities and two-way flows. For a long time, both migrant workers returning from migrant workers in cities and returning home have encountered numerous difficulties in employment and daily life. Migrant workers have also encountered many obstacles in their urbanization. To solve these problems, it is far from enough to rely on the migrant workers themselves. Currently, this group urgently needs effective social assistance. According to the different levels of migrant workers’ differentiation, on the basis of their self-help, implementing active and effective social public assistance can not only be highly targeted but also reduce the cost of urbanization in China, which is the fundamental guarantee for the two-way flow of rural labor in China. To promote the process of urbanization, building a new socialist countryside are of great significance.